Fugato |

Talyaani. fugato, macno ahaan - fugue, fugue-u eg, sida fugue

Foomka ku dayashada, marka la eego habka mawduuca loo soo bandhigay (inta badan sidoo kale horumarinta) waxay la xiriirtaa fugue (1).

Si ka duwan fugue, ma laha polyphony si cad loo muujiyay. jawaab celin; sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo sidii qayb ka mid ah gebi ahaanba weyn. Soo bandhigid cad oo mawduuca ah, ku dayasho. soo gelida codadka iyo cufnaanta tartiib-tartiib ah ee dhawaaqa badan. textures waa makhluuq. sifooyinka P. (P. waxaa lagu magacaabi karaa oo kaliya kuwa ku dayashada ah ee leh sifooyinkan; maqnaanshahooda, ereyga "fugue bandhiga" ayaa la isticmaalaa), F. waa foom ka yar fugue: tirada codadka halkan waxay noqon kartaa mid doorsooma. (Qaybta 1-aad ee heesaha Taneyev ee c-moll, lambarka 12), mawduuca waxaa laga yaabaa in aan lagu samayn dhammaan codadka (bilawga Credo ee Beethoven's Solemn Mass) ama isla markiiba la soo bandhigay iyada oo la soo bandhigayo (21st Myaskovsky's symphony, lambarka 1). ; saamiga quarto-quint ee mawduuca iyo jawaabta waa wax caadi ah, laakiin kala-baxyadu maaha wax aan caadi ahayn (hordhac falkii 3aad ee Wagner's opera The Nuremberg Mastersingers; Qaybta 1aad ee Shostakovich's 5th symphony, lambarada 17-19). F. aad bay u kala duwan yihiin qaab ahaan. In badan Op. qaybta ugu xasilloon ee fugue, bandhigga, ayaa la soo saaray, weliba, mid cad oo madax ah. bilawga F., oo si cad uga soocaya muusigii hore, ka soo horjeeda dhammaadka, oo aan ka soocnayn c.-l. sii socosho kala duwan, inta badan non-polyphonic (dhamaystirka piano sonata No. 6, 2nd dhaqdhaqaaqa Beethoven ee symphony No. 1; sidoo kale eeg tusaale in column 994).

Marka lagu daro muujinta, F. waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku jirto qayb la mid ah qaybta soo koraya ee fugue (dhammaadka Tchaikovsky's quartet No. 2, number 32), kaas oo inta badan loo beddelo horumarinta sonata (qaybta 1aad ee afartii Frank ee D). -duur). Mararka qaarkood, F. waxaa loo tarjumaa dhismo aan degganeyn (laba jeer F. bilawga horumarinta qaybta 1aad ee riwaayadda 6aad ee Tchaikovsky: d-moll - a-moll - e-moll - h-moll). Codsiga F. contrapuntal adag. Farsamooyinka aan laga saarin (F. oo leh mucaarad la sii hayo oo ku jira qaybta 1aad ee Myaskovsky's 5th symphony, lambarka 13; stretta ee F. "Ha ogaadaan waxa awoodda macnaheedu yahay" ficilka 2aad ee opera "May Night" by Rimsky-Korsakov ; labanlaaban F. dhaqdhaqaaqii 2aad ee fannaankii 7aad ee Beethoven, saddex jibaaran F. ee dulucda opera Die Meistersingers of Nuremberg ee Wagner, bar 138, shan F. (fugue) ee codadka kama dambaysta ah ee Mozart's symphony C-dur Jupiter), si kastaba ha ahaatee ku dayashada fudud. foomamku waa caadada.

Haddii fugue lagu kala saaro dhammaystirka horumarka iyo farshaxanka. Madax-bannaanida sawirka, ka dibna F. wuxuu ka ciyaaraa door hoose oo ka mid ah alaabta, taas oo ay "ku korto".

Isticmaalka caadiga ah ee F. ee horumarinta sonata: firfircoon. suurtagalnimada ku dayasho waxay u adeegtaa diyaarinta gabagabada mawduuc ama qayb cusub; F. waxay noqon kartaa labadaba hordhaca (qaybta 1aad ee Tchaikovsky's 6th symphony), iyo bartamaha (qaybta 1aad ee Kalinnikov's 1st symphony) ama qaybaha horumarinta (qaybta 1aad ee riwaayadda 4-aad ee piano. oo leh Orchestra Beethoven) ; saldhigga mawduuca ayaa ah ujeedooyinka cad ee qaybta ugu weyn (mawduucyada macaan ee qaybta dhinaca ayaa inta badan loo farsameeyaa si toos ah).

AK Glazunov. Heesta 6aad. Qaybta II.

Guud ahaan, F. waxay ka heshaa codsi qayb kasta oo ka mid ah muusigga. Prod Dhammaadkii fannaanka 5-aad ee Prokofiev, lambarka 93), reprise (fp sonata h-moll by Liszt), solo cadence (concerto violin by Glazunov), hordhaca (qaybta 1aad ee xargaha 5aad ee Quartet Glazunov) iyo coda (qaybta 1aad) ee Berlioz's symphony Romeo iyo Julia), qaybta dhexe ee qaab kakan oo saddex qaybood ah (aria ee Gryaznoy ka falkii 1aad ee opera The Tsar's Bride by Rimsky-Korsakov), in rondo ah (No 36 ka Bach St. Matthew Jacaylka); qaabka F., leitmotif operatic ah ayaa lagu sheegi karaa ("mawduuca wadaaddada" ee hordhaca ah ee opera "Aida" ee Verdi), marxaladda opera waa la dhisi karaa (No 20 s ee ficilka 3aad ee " Prince Igor" ee Borodin); mararka qaarkood F. waa mid ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha (No. 22 ee Bach's Goldberg Variations; chorus "The Wonderful Queen of Heaven" oo ka soo jeeda falkii 3aad ee opera "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh iyo Maiden Fevronia" by Rimsky-Korsakov , lambarka 171); F. sida madax bannaan. gabal (JS Bach, BWV 962; AF Gedicke, op. 36 No 40) ama qayb ka mid ah wareegga (dhaqdhaqaaqa 2aad ee Symphoniette Hindemith ee E) waa naadir. Foomka F. (ama u dhow) ayaa ka kacay wax soo saarka. qaab adag oo la xidhiidha horumarinta farsamooyinka ku dayashada, oo daboolaya dhammaan codadka.

Josquin Despress. Missa sexti toni (super L'homme armé). Bilowgii Kyrie.

F. ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay Op. laxamiistaha 17 - dabaqa 1aad. Qarnigii 18aad (tusaale ahaan, gudaha gigues from instr. suites, qaybaha degdega ah ee xad dhaafka ah). F. si dabacsan loo isticmaalo JS Bach, gaarista, tusaale ahaan. Halabuurrada hobolada, isku-dheellitirnaan aan caadi ahayn iyo riwaayado. tibaaxda (ee lambarka 33 "Sind Blitze, sind Donner ee Wolken verschwunden" iyo in lambarka 54 "LaЯ ihn kreuzigen" ee Matthew Passion). Sababtoo ah cad. macnaha F. si cad ayaa loo muujiyay marka la barbar dhigo bandhigga homophonic, curiyeyaasha dabaqa 2aad. 18 – dawarsi Qarnigii 19aad waxay u isticmaaleen isbarbardhiggan "chiaroscuro" siyaabo kala duwan. F. gudaha gudaha. prod. Haydn – hab loo codeeyo mawduucyada khaniisnimada (ka-celinta qaybta 1aad ee xargaha. Quartet op. 50 No 2); Mozart wuxuu ku arkaa F. mid ka mid ah siyaabaha loo keeno sonata iyo fugue isu soo dhawaada (dhammaadka G-dur quartet, K.-V. 387); Doorka F. wuxuu si aad ah ugu kordhay Op. Beethoven, taas oo ay sabab u tahay rabitaanka laxamiistaha ee guud ahaan polyphonization ee foomka (laba jeer F. ee dib u soo celinta qaybta 2aad ee riwaayadda 3aad waxay si weyn u wanaajisaa oo xoogga saartaa bilawga naxdinta leh). F. ee Mozart iyo Beethoven waa xubin lagama maarmaanka u ah nidaamka cod-bixinta. Qaybo ka samaysan "qaab weyn oo cod badan" oo ah heerka hal dhaqdhaqaaq (fugueed main and side parts in the exposition, part in the rearsion, imatative development, stretta coda in final of the G-dur quartet, K.-V) 387 Mozart) ama wareegga (F. dhaqdhaqaaqyada 1aad, 2aad iyo 4aad ee fannaanka 9aad, F. dhaqdhaqaaqa 1aad, oo u dhiganta fugue kama dambaysta ah, ee Beethoven's piano sonata No 29). Masters ee qarnigii 19aad, si hal abuur leh u horumariyaan guulaha wakiilada Viennese classic. dugsiyada, u fasiro F. hab cusub - marka la eego software ("Dagaalka" ee hordhaca ah "Romeo iyo Julia" ee Berlioz), nooca (dhammaadka ficilka 1st ee opera "Carmen" by Bizet), sawir ( Dabeylo baraf ah dhamaadkii 4-aad ee opera Ivan Susanin by Glinka) iyo sawir fantastik ah (sawirka kaynta sii kordheysa ee falkii 3aad ee opera The Snow Maiden by Rimsky-Korsakov, lambarka 253), buuxi F. leh a Macnaha maldahan ee cusub, oo u fasiraya sida shaydaanka. bilow (qayb "Mephistopheles" oo ka socota Liszt's Faust Symphony), sida muujinta milicsiga (hordhaca opera Faust ee Gounod; hordhaca ficilka 3aad ee opera Die Meistersingers Nuremberg ee Wagner), sida waaqici ah. sawirka nolosha dadka (hordhaca goobta 1aad ee hordhaca ah ee opera "Boris Godunov" by Mussorgsky). F. wuxuu ka helay codsiyo kala duwan halabuurayaashii qarnigii 20aad. (R. Strauss, P. Hindemith, SV Rakhmaninov, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, DD Shostakovich iyo kuwa kale).

Tixraacyo: eeg hoos Art. Fugue.

VP Frayonov