Boris Tischenko |

Boris Tischenko

Wanaagga ugu sarreeya… wax kale maahan aqoonta runta ee sababaha ugu horreeya. R. Descartes

B. Tishchenko waa mid ka mid ah halabuurayaashii Soofiyeeti ee caanka ahaa ee jiilkii dagaalka ka dib. Isagu waa qoraaga caanka ah ee caanka ah "Yaroslavna", "Laba iyo tobanka"; masraxa wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa ereyada K. Chukovsky: "Fly-Sokotukha", "Qorraxda la xaday", "Cockroach". Laxamiistaha ayaa qoray tiro badan oo ka mid ah shaqooyinka orkestral-ka ee waaweyn - 5 riwaayadaha aan barnaamijka ahayn (oo ay ku jiraan saldhigga M. Tsvetaeva), "Sinfonia robusta", heesaha "Chronicle of the Siege"; riwaayadaha loogu talagalay biyaano, cello, violin, kataarad; 5 qaybood oo xadhig ah; 8 sonatas piano (oo ay ku jiraan toddobaad - oo leh gambaleel); 2 violin sonatas, iwm. Tishchenko heesihiisa muusiga waxa ku jira Shan heesood oo St. O. Driz; Baahida soprano, tenor iyo orkestra ee St. A. Akhmatova; "dardaaranka" soprano, kataarad iyo xubinta St. N. Zabolotsky; Cantata "Garden of Music" oo ku taal st. A. Kushner Waxa uu abaabulay "Afar Gabay oo Kabtan Lebyadkin" ee D. Shostakovich. Laxamiistaha Peru waxa kale oo ka mid ah muusigga filimada “Suzdal”, “Dhimashada Pushkin”, “Igor Savvovich”, ee riwaayadda “Heart of a Dog”.

Tishchenko waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay Leningrad Conservatory (1962-63), macalimiintiisa ka kooban V. Salmanov, V. Voloshin, O. Evlakhov, ee dugsiga sare - D. Shostakovich, ee biyaano - A. Logovinsky. Hadda isagu waa borofisar ka tirsan Conservatory Leningrad.

Tishchenko waxa uu u horumaray laxamiistaha wakhti hore - da'da 18 jir waxa uu qoray Concerto Violin, 20 - Quartet Labaad, kuwaas oo ka mid ah curisyadiisa ugu fiican. Shaqadiisa, line-kii hore ee dadweynaha iyo xariiqa muujinta dareenka casriga ah ayaa si muuqata u muuqday. Hab cusub, oo iftiiminaya sawirada taariikhda qadiimiga ah ee Ruushka iyo suugaanta Ruushka, laxanku wuxuu u riyaaqaa midabka qadiimiga ah, wuxuu raadiyaa inuu gudbiyo aragtida caanka ah ee caanka ah ee soo baxday qarniyo badan (ballet Yaroslavna - 1974, Symphony Third - 1966, qaybo ka mid ah). Labaad (1959), Saddexaad Quartets (1970), Saddexaad Piano Sonata - 1965). Heesta Ruushka ee Tishchenko waa mid ruuxi ah iyo mid bilicsan labadaba. Fahamka lakabyada qoto dheer ee dhaqanka qaranku wuxuu u oggolaaday muusigga ku jira Symphony Saddexaad inuu abuuro nooc cusub oo muusig muusig ah - sida ay ahayd, "calaamadaha heesaha"; halkaas oo marada orkestral ay ka tidcan tahay nuqullada qalabka. Muusikada nafta leh ee dhamaadka riwaayadda waxay la xiriirtaa sawirka gabayga N. Rubtsov - "Dalkaygii xasilloonaa". Waxaa xusid mudan in aragtida qadiimiga ah ay soo jiidatay Tishchenko sidoo kale iyada oo la xiriirta dhaqanka Bariga, gaar ahaan sababtoo ah daraasadda muusikada dhexe ee Japan "gagaku". Fahmidda sifooyinka gaarka ah ee dadka Ruushka ah iyo aragtida hore ee bariga bariga, laxamiistaha ayaa ku soo saaray qaabkiisa nooc gaar ah oo horumarinta muusikada ah - statics meditative, taas oo isbeddelka dabeecadda muusikada ay u dhacaan si tartiib tartiib ah oo tartiib tartiib ah (cello solo dheer ee Cello First Cello). Concerto - 1963).

Qaabka caadiga ah ee qarnigii XX. sawirada halganka, ka adkaanta, naxdinta naxdinta leh, xiisadda ruuxiga ah ee ugu sarraysa, Tishchenko wuxuu u dhaqmaa sidii beddelka riwaayadaha symphonic ee macalinkiisa Shostakovich. Si gaar ah arrinkan u taabanaya waa afraad iyo shanaad Symphonies (1974 iyo 1976).

Symphony-ka afraad aad buu u hammi badan yahay - waxaa loo qoray 145 fannaaniin ah iyo akhriste wata makarafoon wuxuuna leeyahay dherer ka badan saacad iyo badh (taas oo ah, bandhig faneedka oo dhan). Symphony-ka shanaad wuxuu u heellan yahay Shostakovich wuxuuna si toos ah u sii wadaa sawirka muusikadiisa - dhawaaqyo hadal ah oo aan fiicnayn, cadaadis qandho, heerar naxdin leh, iyo tan - monologues dheer. Waxay ku dhex jirtaa motif-monogram of Shostakovich (D- (e) S-С-Н), oo ay ku jiraan xigashooyin laga soo qaatay shaqadiisa (laga bilaabo Siddeedaad iyo Tobnaad Symphonies, Sonata for Viola, iwm.), iyo sidoo kale ka soo shuqullada Tishchenko (laga bilaabo Symphony saddexaad, Piano Sonata shanaad, Piano Concerto). Kani waa nooc ka mid ah wada-hadallada u dhexeeya kuwa da'da yar iyo kuwa ka da'da weyn, "jinsiga jiilka".

Aragtida ka timid muusigga Shostakovich ayaa sidoo kale ka muuqday laba sonatas ee violin iyo biyaano (1957 iyo 1975). Sonata Labaad, sawirka ugu weyn ee bilaaba oo dhameeya shaqada waa hadal hadal ah oo naxariis leh. Sonata Tani waa mid aan caadi ahayn oo ka kooban - waxay ka kooban tahay 7 qaybood, kuwaas oo kuwa qallafsan ay ka samaysan yihiin "qaab-dhismeedka" macquulka ah (Prelude, Sonata, Aria, Postlude), iyo xitaa kuwa "dhexdhexaad ah" (Intermezzo I, II) , III in presto tempo). Ballet "Yaroslavna" ("Eclipse") ayaa lagu qoray iyada oo ku saleysan taariikhda suugaanta ee Ruushka hore - "Tale of Igor's Campaign" (libre by O. Vinogradov).

Kooxda orchestra ee ku jirta ballet-ka waxaa kaabaya qayb choral ah oo wanaajisa dhadhanka afka Ruushka. Si ka duwan tarjumaadda sheekada ee A. Borodin's opera "Prince Igor", curiyaha qarnigii XNUMXaad. masiibada guuldarada ciidamada Igor ayaa xooga la saaray. Luqadda muusiga ee asalka ah ee ballet-ka waxaa ka mid ah heeso adag oo ka dhawaaqa kooxda hobolada ragga ah, heeso weerar ah oo firfircoon oo olole millatari ah, baroordiiq "cabasho" oo ka socota orchestra ("The Steppe of Death"), laxannada dabaysha oo riyo leh, oo xasuusinaysa codka naxariis.

Riwaayadda Koowaad ee Cello iyo Orchestra waxay leedahay fikrad gaar ah. "Wax u eg warqad u socota saaxiib," qoraagu wuxuu yiri isaga. Nooc cusub oo ah horumarinta muusikada ayaa lagu xaqiiqsaday halabuurka, oo la mid ah koritaanka dabiiciga ah ee dhirta laga bilaabo hadhuudh. Riwaayadu waxay ku bilaabataa hal cod oo cello ah, kaas oo ku sii fidaya "spurs, caleemaha." Sida oo kale, waxaa dhashay laxan, oo noqday hal-ku-dheggii qoraaga, “ qirashada nafta”. Sheekada ka dib, qoraagu waxa uu dejiyey riwaayad duufaan leh, oo leh heer aad u sarreeya, oo ay ku xigto ka bixitaan ku saabsan milicsiga iftiinka. Shostakovich: "Waan aqaanaa riwaayadii ugu horeysay ee Tishchenko qalbi ahaan," ayuu yiri Shostakovich. Sida dhammaan shaqooyinka curinta ee tobannaankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ee qarnigii XNUMXaad, muusigga Tishchenko wuxuu u xuubsiibtaa codka, kaasoo dib ugu noqda asalka fanka muusigga.

V. Kholopova