Muusiga carruurta |

Muusiga carruurtu waa muusig loogu talagalay in la maqlo ama ay qabtaan carruurtu. Tusaalooyinka ugu wanaagsan waxaa lagu gartaa la taaban karo, gabay firfircoon. nuxurka, sawirka, fududaanta iyo hufnaanta qaabka. Qalabka D. m. waxa lagu gartaa barnaamijyo, xubno ka mid ah tusaale ahaan, onomatopoeia, qoob ka ciyaarka, socodka, iyo fudaydka muusiga. textures, ku tiirsanaanta hiddaha. Wadnaha muusiga prod. carruurta waxaa inta badan nar. sheeko xariirooyin, sawirada dabeecada, sawirada aduunka xayawaanka. Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo D. m. - heeso, heeso, muqaal. ciyaaro, orc. wax soo saar, maqaallo marxalad muusiko ah. Wax soo saarka loogu talagalay waxqabadka carruurtu waxay u dhigantaa awoodooda waxqabad. Wok. prod. kala duwanaanta codka, sifooyinka samaynta dhawaaqa iyo qaamuuska, chorus ayaa lagu xisaabtamayaa. diyaarinta, instr. ciyaaro - heerka farsamada. dhibaatooyin. Goobabada muusiga. Alaabooyinka la heli karo aragtida carruurtu way ka ballaaran yihiin aagga D. m. Dhegeystayaasha carruurta, gaar ahaan kuwa ka weyn, qaar badan ayaa caan ku ah. prod. MI Glinka, PI Tchaikovsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, WA Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Chopin iyo kuwa kale classic, prod. guumaystaha. halabuurayaal.

Heesaha, kaftanka, qoob ka ciyaarka, af qalloocida, sheekooyinka, iwm. ayaa inta badan saldhig u ahaa prof. D. m. Wali Dr. Giriiga waxaa loo yaqaanay Nar. heesta carruurta, gaar ahaan laxanka ayaa caan ahaa. Ilaha taariikhiga ah ayaa tilmaamaya in dhawr heesood oo carruur ah lagu sameeyay Giriigga. heesaa iyo laxamiistaha Pindar (522-442 BC). Dr. Sparta, Thebes, Athens, carruurta laga bilaabo da'da yar ayaa la baray inay ciyaaraan aulos, si ay ugu heesaan heesaha.

Arbacada. qarniga Yurub, D. m. waxaa lala xiriiriyay shpilmans (fannaaniinta dadweynaha wareegaysa). Heesihii hore ee Jarmalka "Shimbiraha dhamaantood way nagu soo qulquleen", "Adiga, dawacada, ayaa jiidatay goosiga", "Shimbir baa ku duushay", "Parsley waa caws cajiib ah" waa la ilaaliyay. Saldhig fret Yurub. heesaha carruurta - kuwa waaweyn iyo kuwa yaryar, marmar - miisaanka pentatonic (hees carruurta Jarmal "Iftiin, Toosh"). Ch. muuqaalada muusikada. luqadda: harmon. dabeecadda laxanka, garaaca quartic-ka, isku-dhafka qaabka (lammaanaha). Gor. heesaha carruurta waddooyinka (der Kurrenden) ee qarniyadii dhexe. Jarmalka waxa caan ku ahaa heeso asal ah. kooxeed (die Kurrende) - Kooxda heesaaga ah ee ardayda ah kuwaas oo ku soo bandhigay dariiqa lacag yar. Ruus heeso caruureed hore oo dadka ku dhex jiray, laguna daabacay Sat. nar. heesihii qarnigii 18-aad VF Trutovsky, I. Prach. Qaar ka mid ah heesahan ayaa badbaaday ilaa waqtigeena ("Bunny, you, bunny", "Jump- jump", "Bunny wuxuu ku dhex socdaa beerta", iwm.). Abuuritaanka suugaanta muusiga barbaarinta ee carruurta ayaa fiiro gaar ah u leh halabuurayaasha qadiimiga ah ee 18-aad - hore. Qarnigii 19aad: JS Bach, WA Mozart, L. Beethoven. Haydn's "Symphony Child" (1794) ayaa ku yaal meel gaar ah. Dabaqa 1aad. Qarnigii 19-aad, iyadoo la xoojinayo mabda'a diinta-muxaafidka ah ee barbaarinta carruurta, D. m. helay hanuuninta cibaadada.

Dabaqa 2aad. Qarnigii 19aad tiro aad u tiro badan oo prof. prod. D. m .: Sabti. MA Mamontova “Heesaha carruurta ee laxanka Ruushka iyo Ruushka yar” (habaynta heesaha carruurta ee uu sameeyay PI Tchaikovsky, cadadkii 1, 1872), fp. gabal u ah pianists bilowga ah. Qaybahaan ugu wanagsan waxay si adag u galeen barashada ciyaarta biyaano, tusaale ahaan. Tchaikovsky's "Albamka Carruurta" (op. 39, 1878) waa nooc ka mid ah pianoforte. suite, halkaas oo noocyo kala duwan oo xabbadood oo yar yar nar. dabeecadda, carruurta si joogto ah ayaa loo xilsaaray hawlo farshaxan oo kala duwan. Maqnaanshaha heesaha, iswaafajinta, dhibaatooyinka qoraalka ayaa ka dhigaya alaabtan. ay heli karaan jilayaasha da'da yar. La mid ah xagga hawlaha iyo hababka xalintooda waa ururinta fp. u ciyaara carruurta ee AS Arensky, SM Maykapar, VI Rebikov.

In con. Qarnigii 19-aad riwaayaddii ugu horreysay ee carruurta waxaa lagu qoray: "Bisadda, Riyaha iyo idaha" iyo "Muusikiistayaasha" by Bryansky (1888, oo ku salaysan qoraallada sheekooyinka IA Krylov); "Riyaha Dereza" (1888), "Pan Kotsky" (1891) iyo "Winter and Spring, ama Snow Beauty" (1892) Lysenko. Muuse. luqadda operas-yadani waa mid fudud, oo ay ku jiraan dhawaaqyada Ruushka. iyo heesaha Yukreeniyaan. Masraxyada carruurta ee caanka ah ee Ts. A. Cui - Halyeyga Barafka (1906), Hood Riding Yar oo Cas (1911), Puss in Boots (1912), Ivan the Fool (1913); Grechaninova - "Yolochkin Dream" (1911), "Teremok" (1921), "Bisad, Diiqa iyo Fox" (1924); BV Asafiev - "Cinderella" (1906), "Boqoradda Barafka" (1907, qalab 1910); VI Rebikova - "Yolka" (1900), "Sheekadii Princess iyo Boqorka Rah" (1908). Dunida caruurnimada iyo dhalinyaradu waxay ka muuqataa heesaha carruurta ee Tchaikovsky ("16 Heesaha Carruurta" ilaa tuducyada AN Pleshcheev iyo gabayaaga kale, op. 54, 1883), Cui ("Sawirrada Muusiga ah ee Saddex iyo Toban" ee heesaha, op. 15 ), Arensky ("Heesaha Carruurta", op. 59), Rebikov ("Dunida Carruurta", "Heesaha Dugsiga"), Grechaninov ("Ai, Doo-Doo", op. 31, 1903; "Rabka Hen", op. 85, 1919), iwm.

Waxaa ka mid ah alaabooyinka Galbeedka Yurub D. m .: "Muuqaalka Carruurta" (1838), "Album for Youth" ee R. Schumann (1848) - wareegga op. thumbnails, goobta sida waafaqsan mabda'a ka fudud ilaa adag; "Heesaha Dhaqanka Carruurta" ee Brahms (1887), J. Wiese's Suite "Ciyaaraha Carruurta" (1871) - 12 xabbo oo piano ah. 4 gacmood (shan xabbo oo ka mid ah meertadan, oo uu habeeyey qoraagu, waxay ka sameeyeen suuit isku magac ah oo loo yaqaan orkester-ka symphony). Wareegyada wax soo saarka ee la yaqaan. loogu talagalay biyaano: "Koonaha Carruurta" ee Debussy (1906-08), "Goose hooyada" ee Ravel (1908) (suite loogu talagalay biyaano oo ku jira 4 gacmood; waxaa la abaabulay 1912). B. Bartok wuxuu u qoray carruurta ("To the Little Slovakia", 1905, wareegga 5 laxan ee codka iyo biyaano; 1908-09, 4 buug xusuus-qor ah oo wax lagu baro piano "Carruurta"); ruwaayadihiisa, inta badan dad. Dabeecadda, laxanka Slovak iyo heesaha Hungarian ayaa loo isticmaalaa, marka la eego nuxurka kuwani waa nooca fp. sawiro sii wata dhaqanka DM Schumann iyo Tchaikovsky. 1926-37 Bartók waxa u qoray 153 xabbo oo taxane ah (6 buugaag) oo loogu talagalay biyaano. "Microcosm". Qaybaha, oo loo habeeyey sida ay u kala horreeyaan u qallafsanaanta, waxay barayaan pianist-ga yar ee adduunka muusiga casriga ah. Heesaha carruurta waxaa qoray: X. Eisler ("Lix Heesood oo Carruurta loogu talagalay Erayada B. Brecht", op. 53; "Heesaha Carruurta" ee erayada Brecht, op. 105), Z. Kodaly (heesooyin badan) iyo hobolada carruurta ee ku salaysan muusiga dadweynaha Hungarian). D. m. wax badan oo comp. B. Briten. Waxa uu abuuray ururinta heesaha dugsiga "Jimcaha Galabta" (op. 7, 1934). Heesaha ururintan waxay caan ku yihiin Ingiriiska dhexdooda. ciyaal dugsi. Waayo, isp. carruurta, oo ay la socoto kataarad, ayaa qoray wareegga "Heesaha Christmas-ka ee Cibaadada" (op. 28, 1942, oo ku salaysan qoraallada gabayada Ingiriisiga hore). Heesaha ugu wanagsan waa "Frosty Winter", "Oh, my dear" (lullaby), canon "Your Child". Hagaha Britten ee Orchestra (op. 34, 1946, ee dhalinyarada) wuxuu noqday caan - nooc shaqo oo dhagaystaha baranaya kuwa casriga ah. calaamad orchestra. K. Orff wuxuu abuuray wareeg weyn oo alaab ah. "Muusika carruurta"; 1950-54 wareegga waxaa lagu dhameeyay wadajir. la G. Ketman oo helay magaca. "Schulwerk" ("Schulwerk. Musik für Kinder") - heeso, instr. riwaayadaha iyo laxanka laxanka. jimicsiga carruurta ml. da'da Kaabista "Schulwerk" - ururinta "Muusik loogu talagalay Dhallinyarada" ("Jugendmusik") - wax ku ool ah. aasaaska muusik wadareed. barbaarinta (qoraalo laga soo qaatay ururinta FM Böhme “Heesta Carruurta Jarmalka iyo Ciyaarta Carruurta” – Fr. M. Böhme, “Deutsches Kinderlied und Kinderspiel”).

Hindemith's Waxaan Dhiseynaa Magaalo (1930), opera carruurta, ayaa noqotay mid baahsan. Muusigga carruurta ee Britten's "The Little Chimney Sweep, or Let's Put on Opera" (op. 45, 1949) 12 door: 6 carruur ah (carruur 8 ilaa 14 jir ah) iyo tiro isku mid ah oo loogu talagalay dadka waaweyn. Hoolka wuxuu ku lug leeyahay ficilka: daawadayaasha yaryar waxay ku celceliyaan oo heesaan waxyaabo gaar ah. "Hees u ah dadweynaha". Halabuurka orchestra - xargaha. afar, garaac iyo biyaano. 4 gacan. Waxa kale oo caan ah fannaankii carruurta ee Britten opera Noah's Ark (op. 59, 1958), oo ku salaysan ciyaar dahsoon oo hore. Kooxda orkestarrada carruurta oo aad u weeyn (70 jilaa) oo loogu talagalay prof. fanaaniinta ayaa qoray 9 xisbi oo kaliya. Qaar ka mid ah ciyaaraha waxaa loogu talagalay carruurta hadda bilaabay inay ciyaaraan. Halabuurka fanaaniintu waa mid aan caadi ahayn (kooxaha - xubin, biyaano, garaacis, xadhkaha, biibiile, hoonka iyo gambaleelka gacanta; masraxa - heeso ku hadlaya, soloists iyo 50 codadka carruurta ah oo heesaya hadalo kala duwan).

Sov. laxamiistaha waxaa tayeeyay D. m., waxay balaadhisay suurtagalnimadeeda nooca iyo siyaabaha odhaahda. Wok ka sokow. iyo fp. miniatures, operas, ballets, cantatas, symphonies waaweyn ayaa loo sameeyay carruurta. wax soo saarka, riwaayadaha. Nooca guumaystaha ayaa noqday mid baahsan. heesta carruurta, oo ay curiyeen halabuurayaal oo kaashanaya abwaannada (S. Yaa Marshack, S. AT Mikhalkov A. L. Barto, O. IYO. Vysotskaya, W. IYO. Lebedev-Kumach iyo kuwo kale). Mn. guumays Hal-abuurayaashu waxay shaqadooda u hibeeyeen D. m. Si weyn loo yaqaan, tusaale ahaan, fp. u ciyaara carruurta М. Maykapara "Spikers" (op. 28, 1926) iyo Sabti. "Tallaabooyinka Koowaad" (op. 29, 1928) ee fp. 4 gacan. Alaabooyinkan waxaa lagu kala soocaa nimcada iyo hufnaanta qoraalka, cusub iyo asalka muuska. luqadda, isticmaalka daahsoon ee farsamooyinka polyphony. arr caan ah. Nar laxan G. G. Lobacheva: Sabti. Shan Heesood oo loogu talagalay Ardayda Dugsiga Kahor (1928), Shan Heesood oo Carruurta ah (1927); waxaa lagu kala soocaa xariifnimada wehelnimada, canaasiirta onomatopoeia, cod-bixinta. hufnaanta iyo laconism ee laxanka. Waxaa qiimo weyn leh dhaxalka hal-abuurka ee M. IYO. Krasev. Waxay qoreen ok. 60 heeso hormood ah, dhowr operas yaryar oo ku salaysan Nar. sheeko xariirooyin, sheeko xariiro K. IYO. Chukovsky, iyo S. Yaa Marshak. Muusiga operasku waa sawir, midab leh, u dhow dadka. kab, diyaar u ah waxqabadka carruurta. Hal-abuurka M. R. Rauchverger waxaa inta badan loogu hadlaa carruurta dugsiga ka hor. Alaabada ugu wanagsan halabuuruhu waxa lagu gartaa casriyaynta muusiga. codad, muujinta laxan. kacdoono, af-afgaradnimo. Wareega heesaha "The Sun" ee aayadaha A. L. Barto (1928), heesaha "Red Poppies", "Fasaxa Jiilaalka", "Appassionata", "We are Merry Guys", wareegga codka "Ubax", iwm. Waxtarka weyn ee D. m. soo galay kombayutarka A. N. Aleksandrov, R. G. Boyko, I. KU SAABSAN. Dunayevsky A. Yaa Lepin, Z. A. Levin, M. A. Mirzoev, S. Rustamov, M. L. Starokadomsky, A. D. Filippenko. Heeso badan oo carruurta caanka ah waxaa sameeyay T. A. Popatenko iyo V. AP Gerchik, E. N. Tilicheev. Mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu caansan ee dhagaystayaasha carruurta waa hees majaajillo ah ("Ku saabsan Petya" by Kablevsky, "Aad ka soo horjeeda" by Filippenko, "Wiilka iyo Barafka" ee Rustamov, "Bear Ilkaha", "Magaalada Lima" by Boyko. "Sawir qaade jooga Beerta Xayawaanka" oo uu qoray Zharkovsky, iwm) . Muusigga D. B. Kablevsky, oo loogu talagalay carruurta, waxay ka tarjumaysaa aqoonta qoto dheer ee curiyaha ee adduunka dareenka, fikradaha, fikradaha casriga ah. jiilka dhalinyarada. Sida gabayada carruurta, Kablevsky waxaa lagu gartaa laxan. hantida, casriga, luqadda, farshaxanka. fudaydka, u dhawaanshaha soo jiidashada casriga ah. Sheekada barafka (carruurtiisii ​​ugu horreysay coll. - "Sideed heesood oo loogu talagalay hobolada carruurta iyo biyaano", op. 17, 1935). Kablevsky waa mid ka mid ah aasaasayaashii heesaha heesaha ee carruurta. heeso ("Heestii dabka", "Dhulkeena", "School years"). Waxa uu qoray 3 buug oo wax lagu barto. fp. qaybo loo habeeyey sida ay u kala horreeyaan dhibka sii kordhaya (Soddonka Ciyaaraha Carruurta, op. 27, 1937-38). Wax soo saarkiisa. mawduuc ahaan lagu kala soocay. hantida, u dhawaanshaha noocyo badan oo muusiko-samaynta - heesaha, qoob ka ciyaarka, socod. Farshaxan heersare ah. faa'iidooyin leeyihiin. carruurta S. C. Prokofiev. Farsamooyinka qadiimiga ah ayaa lagu dhex daraa iyaga oo wata cusaybka iyo cusubaanta muuska. luqadda, turjumaada cusub ee noocyada. Fp. Riwaayadihii Prokofiev ee "Muusika Carruurta" (qayb ahaan waxaa habeeyey qoraaga oo lagu daray qolka "Maalinta Xagaaga") waxaa lagu gartaa caddaynta soo bandhigida, tixraac. fududaanta muusiga. maaddada, hufnaanta texture. Mid ka mid ah wax soo saarka ugu wanaagsan D. m. - Symphonic. Sheekada ciyaaliga ah ee Prokofiev "Peter iyo Wolf" (1936, qoraalkiisa), isku darka muusikada iyo akhrinta. Astaamaha xudunta u ah waxa lagu kala saaraa sawir-qaadid. geesiyaal (Petya, Duck, Birdie, Awoowe, Wolf, Hunters), soo bandhigaya dhageystayaasha da'da yar ee orc. timbers. Heesta-sketch "Chatterbox" oo ku salaysan aayadaha Barto (1939), qolka "Winter Bonfire" - akhristayaasha, hobolada wiilasha iyo heesaha heesaha waa caan. Orchestra (1949). Fanaaniinta da'da yar ee loo qoray fp 2aad. riwaayad d. D. Shostakovich, Kablevsky's triad ee riwaayadaha dhalinyarada (piano, violin, cello iyo orchestra), biyaano 3aad. riwaayad A. M. Balanchivadze, fp. riwaayad uu sameeyay Y. A. Levitin. Tilmaamaha dhammaan alaabtan. - ku tiirsanaanta walxaha heesaha, hirgelinta stylistic ee muusikada. sifooyinka muusiga carruurta iyo dhalinyarada.

Sanadihii 50-60aadkii. nooca cantata carruurta ayaa la sameeyay, oo muujinaya muusik laconic. Waxaa loola jeedaa danaha, dareenka iyo fikradaha casriga ah ee kala duwan. carruurta iyo dhallinyarada. Kuwani waa: "Song of the Morning, Spring and Peace" (1958), "On Land Native" (1966) Kablevsky, "Carruurta ku xigta aabbayaashood" (1965), "Red Square" (1967) Chichkov, "Lenin". Qalbigeenna" (1957), "Red Pathfinders" (1962) Pakhmutova, "Pioneer, diyaar u noqo!" Zulfugarov (1961).

Muusiggu meel weyn ayuu kaga jiraa filimada carruurta: Tsar Durandai (1934) iyo Little Red Riding Hood (1937) ee Alexandrov; Cinderella waxaa qoray Spadavecchia (1940); "Carruurta Captain Grant" (1936) iyo "Beethoven Concerto" (1937) Dunayevsky; "Red Tie" (1950) iyo "Hello, Moscow!" (1951) Lepin; "Aibolit-66" ee B. Tchaikovsky (1966). Cod badan oo muusiko ah ayaa ku jira kartoonnada carruurta. filimada: "Muusikiistayaasha Magaalada Bremen" comp. GI Gladkova (1968), "Yaxaaska Gena" comp. Xildhibaan Ziva (1969). Waxaa ka mid ah tusaalooyinka ugu wanaagsan ee estr carruurta. muusik xarrago leh. heeso leh sheeko horumarsan: "Todoba heeso qosol leh" oo uu qoray Kablevsky, "Maroodigu wuxuu dhex socdaa Moscow" Penkov, "Petya waa ka baqayaa mugdiga" ee Sirotkin, iwm. Inta badan waxaa heesa fannaaniin waaweyn oo hortooda daawadayaasha carruurta. . Midnimadu waxay gacan ka geysataa horumarinta ciyaaraha opera-ta iyo ballet-ka carruurta. adduunka muusiga carruurta. masraxa, ugu weyn ee Moscow 1965 oo uu hogaaminayo NI Sats. Ciyaartoyda carruurta "Wolf iyo toddobada caruur" ee Koval (1939), "Masha iyo Bear" (1940), "Teremok" (1941), "Toptygin iyo Fox" (1943), "The Unsmeyana Princess" 1947), "Morozko" (1950) Krasev, "Saddex nin oo buuran" Rubin (1956), "Tulku iyo Alabash" Mamedov (1959), "Song in the Forest" Boyko (1961), "Snow White iyo Toddoba Dwarfs" (1963) Kolmanovsky, "Wiil Giant" Khrennikov (1968); ballets ee carruurta Saddexda nin ee buuran ee Oransky (1935), Klebanov's The Stork (1937), Chulaki's Sheekada Pope iyo Shaqaalihiisa Balda (1939), Chemberdzhi's Dream Dremovich (1943), Morozov's Doctor Aibolit (1947) ), The Horse yar oo Humpbacked by Shchedrin (1955), Tsintsadze's Treasure of the Blue Mountain (1956), Pinocchio (1955) iyo Golden Key (1962) by Weinberg, Zeidman's Golden Key (1957); opera-ballet The Snow Queen ee Rauchverger (1965), iwm.

60kii. operettas carruurta waxaa lagu qoray: "Barankin, nin noqo" Tulikov (1965), "Zavalyayka Station" by Boyko (1968).

Horumarinta muusiga. hal-abuurka carruurta waxay si dhow ugu xiran tahay koritaanka dhaqanka waxqabadka carruurta, nidaamka muuska. waxbarashada iyo barbaarinta carruurta (fiiri waxbarashada muusiga, waxbarashada muusiga). Shabakad ballaaran oo muusik carruureed ayaa laga abuuray USSR. dugsiyada, oo ay ku jiraan dugsiyada todoba-sano ah iyo dugsiyada toban-sano ah (in ka badan 2000 oo dugsiyada muusikada carruurta). Qaababka cusub ee dhaqanka bandhiga carruurta ayaa kacay ( bandhigyada hiwaayadda carruurta ee Guryaha Horyaallada, istuudiyaha heesaha, iwm.). Prod carruurta waxaa lagu qabtaa raadiyaha iyo telefishinka, marka la joogo conc. marxaladda, masraxyada carruurta, ee prof. heeso. uch. machadyada (Dugsiga choral ee gobolka ee Moscow, Dugsiga choral ee carruurta ee Leningrad chorus chapel tacliinta). Hoosta Guddiga USSR ee USSR waxaa jira qayb ka mid ah D. m., taas oo ka qaybqaata dacaayaddeeda iyo horumarinteeda.

Arrimaha la xidhiidha D. m. waxay ka muuqdaan shirarka Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Waxbarashada Muusiga (ISME) ee UNESCO. Shirka ISME (Moscow, 1970) wuxuu muujiyay xiisaha weyn ee bulshada muusiga adduunka ee guulaha Soofiyeedka. D. m.

Tixraacyo: Asafiev B., Muusigga Ruushka ee ku saabsan carruurta iyo carruurta, "SM", 1948, No 6; Shatskaya V., Muusikada dugsiga, M., 1950; Ratskaya Ts. S., Mikhail Krasev, M., 1962; Andrievska NK, Carruurta opera MV Lisenka, Kiev, 1962; Rzyankina TA, Laxanka carruurta, L., 1962; Goldenstein ML, Qoraallada taariikhda heesta hormuudka ah, L., 1963; Tompakova OM, Buug ku saabsan muusiga Ruushka ee carruurta, M., 1966; Ochakovskaya O., Daabacadaha muusiga ee dugsiyada sare, L., 1967 (bibl.); Blok V., Muusigga Prokofiev ee Carruurta, M., 1969; Sosnovskaya OI, laxamiistaha Soviet ee carruurta, M., 1970.

Yu. B. Aliev