Elena Obraztsova |

Elena Obraztsova

MV Peskova waxay ku qeexday Obraztsova maqaalkeeda: "Fannaanadda weyn ee waqtigeena, oo shaqadeeda ay noqotay arrin aad u fiican nolosha muusikada adduunka. Waxa uu leeyahay dhaqan muusiko oo aan la taaban karin, farsamo cod oo qurux badan. Mezzo-soprano qani ah oo ay ka buuxaan midabyo dareen leh, muujin heer qaran ah, cilmi-nafsi khiyaano ah iyo karti riwaayadeed oo aan shuruud lahayn ayaa adduunka oo dhan ka dhigtay inay ka hadasho muuqaalkeeda qaybaha Santuzza (Maamuuska Waddanka), Carmen, Delilah, Marfa (Khovanshchina).

Ka dib waxqabadkeeda "Boris Godunov" ee socdaalka masraxa Bolshoi ee Paris, impresario caanka ah ee Sol Yurok, oo la shaqeeyay FI Chaliapin, ayaa ugu yeedhay heesaa heersare ah. Dhaleeceynta shisheeye waxay u kala saartaa mid ka mid ah "codka weyn ee Bolshoi". Sanadkii 1980-kii, fanaanada ayaa la guddoonsiiyay abaal marinta Golden Verdi ee magaalada Busseto ee dalka Talyaaniga iyadoo lagu muteystay bandhig faneed heersare ah oo uu sameeyay muusikiiste weyn.

Elena Vasilievna Obraztsova waxa uu ku dhashay on July 7, 1939 ee Leningrad. Aabihii, oo ahaa injineer xirfad ahaan, wuxuu lahaa cod baritone ah oo aad u wanaagsan, ka sokow, wuxuu si fiican u ciyaaray violin-ka. Muusikada ayaa inta badan ka dhawaajisay guriga Obraztsovs. Lena waxay bilawday inay hore u heesto, xannaanada. Dabadeed waxay noqotay hal-adayg ka tirsan kooxda hobolada ee Qasriga Hormoodka iyo Ardayda Dugsiga. Halkaa, gabadhu waxay ku faraxsan tahay inay samaysay jacayl gypsy ah iyo heeso aad loo jecel yahay sannadahaas oo ka soo jeeda Lolita Torres. Markii hore, waxaa lagu kala soocay iftiin, soprano coloratura soprano, kaas oo aakhirkii isu beddelay contralto.

Ka dib markii uu ka qalin jabiyay dugsiga Taganrog, halkaas oo aabbaheed ka shaqeeyay wakhtigaas, Lena, iyada oo ku adkaysatay waalidkeed, waxay gashay Rostov Electrotechnical Institute. Laakiin, ka dib markii ay wax baratay hal sano, gabadhu waxay halis u tahay Leningrad, si ay u gasho konservatory oo ay gaarto hadafkeeda.

Fasallada ayaa la bilaabay Professor Antonina Andreevna Grigorieva. "Iyadu aad bay u xeel dheer tahay, saxsan tahay qof ahaan iyo muusig ahaan," ayay tidhi Obraztsova. - Waxaan rabay inaan wax walba si dhakhso ah u sameeyo, si aan hal mar u heeso aria weyn, jacayl adag. Waxayna si joogto ah ugu qanacday in aanay waxba ka imanayn iyada oo aan la fahmin "asaaska" codadka… Oo waxaan heesay jimicsiyo jimicsi ka dib, iyo mararka qaarkood - jacayl yar. Markaa waxa la gaadhay wakhtigii waxyaalihii waaweynaa. Antonina Andreevna waligiis ma amrin, ma baran, laakiin had iyo jeer waxay isku dayeen inay hubiyaan in aniga laftaydu ay muujiyeen dabeecadeyda shaqada la qabanayo. Waxaan ku farxay guushii ugu horeysay ee Helsinki iyo tartankii Glinka wax aan ka yarayn nafteyda…”.

Sannadkii 1962-kii, magaalada Helsinki, Elena waxay heshay abaal-marinteedii ugu horreysay, billad dahab ah iyo billad abaal-marin ah, isla sannadkaas waxay ku guulaysatay Moscow tartankii Vocal II All-Union oo loogu magac daray MI Glinka. Soloist ee Masraxa Bolshoi PG Lisitsian iyo madaxa kooxda opera TL Chernyakov, kuwaas oo ku martiqaaday Obraztsova si ay u daawato masraxa.

Sidaas December 1963, iyadoo weli arday ah, Obraztsova sameeyey iyada ugu horeysay ee masraxa Bolshoi ee doorka Marina Mnishek (Boris Godunov). Heesaaga ayaa dhacdadan si gaar ah u xasuusanaysa: “Waxa aan aaday masraxa Tiyaatarka Bolshoi aniga oo aan hal ku celcelin orchestra ah samayn. Waxaan xasuustaa sida aan u istaagay dhabarka dambe oo aan naftayda ku idhi: "Boris Godunov wuxuu socon karaa marxalad la'aan oo ku taal isha, waxbana uma bixi doono, daaha ha xiro, ma bixi doono." Waxaan ku jiray xaalad miyir-beel ah, oo haddaysan ahaan lahayn nimankii igu soo hoggaamiyey masraxa gacmaha, malaha malaha runtii ma jiri lahayn muuqaal isha isha fiidkii ah. Ma hayo wax dareen ah oo ku saabsan wax qabadkeygii ugu horreeyay - kaliya hal xamaasad, nooc ka mid ah kubbadda dab-damiska, inta soo hartayna dhammaantood waxay ahaayeen kuwo caajis ah. Laakin si hoose ayaan u dareemay in aan si sax ah u heesayo. Dhageystayaashu si wanaagsan ayay ii qaabileen…”

Later, dib-u-eegayaasha Parisi waxay wax ka qoreen Obraztsova doorka Marina Mnishek: "Dhagaystayaasha ... si xamaasad leh ayaa u salaamay Elena Obraztsova, oo leh xog cod iyo cod aad u fiican oo loogu talagalay Marina ku habboon. Obraztsova waa jilaa farxad leh, oo codkeeda, qaabkeeda, joogitaanka masraxa iyo quruxda ay jecel yihiin daawadayaasha… "

Isagoo si qurux badan uga qalin jabiyay Conservatory Leningrad ee 1964, Obraztsova isla markiiba wuxuu noqday soloist tiyaatarka Bolshoi. Wax yar ka dib waxay u duushay Japan iyada oo ay la socoto koox fanaaniin ah, ka dibna waxay ku soo bandhigtaa Talyaaniga iyada oo ay la socoto kooxda Tiyaatarka Bolshoi. Marxaladda La Scala, farshaxan-yahanka da'da yar wuxuu qabtaa qaybaha Maamulka (Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades) iyo Princess Marya (Dagaalka Prokofiev iyo Nabadda).

M. Zhirmunsky ayaa qoray:

"Weli waxaa jira halyeeyo ku saabsan guushii ay ka gaartay masraxa La Scala, inkastoo dhacdadani ay horeyba u ahayd 20 sano jir. Waxqabadkeedii ugu horreeyay ee Opera Metropolitan waxaa loogu yeeraa "kulankii ugu horreeyay ee taariikhda masraxa" muddada sacabka taagan. Isla mar ahaantaana, Obraztsova waxay gashay kooxda fannaaniinta Karayan, iyagoo gaadhay aqoonsiga ugu sarreeya ee tayada xirfadeed. Inta lagu guda jiro seddexda maalmood ee duubista Il trovatore, waxay ku soo jiidatay jileeyaha weyn iyada oo leh furfurnaanteeda aan la qiyaasi karin, awoodda ay u leedahay inay soo saarto saameynta ugu badan ee dareenka muusikada, iyo sidoo kale dhar aad u qurux badan oo ay ka heshay saaxiibo Maraykan ah gaar ahaan kulanka maestro-ga. Waxay beddeshay dharka saddex jeer maalintii, waxay ka heshay ubaxyo, martiqaadyo inay ku heesto Salzburg oo duubto shan operas. Laakiin daalka neerfaha ka dib guushii La Scala ayaa ka hor istaagtay inuu u tago Karajan si uu u soo bandhigo - ma uusan helin ogeysiis ka yimid ururka mas'uulka ka ah Soofiyeedka, wuxuu ka xumaaday Obraztsova iyo dhammaan Ruushka.

Waxay u aragtaa burburka qorshayaashan inay tahay dhabarjabka ugu weyn ee ku yimid shaqadeeda. Xabbad-joojintii ka dambaysay laba sannadood ka dib, waxa kaliya ee ka hadhay Don Carlos iyo xusuusta naxdintii uu telifoonkiisa ku soo wacay, diyaaradiisi gaarka ah oo ay ku dul daadsan yihiin Playboys, iyo Karajan oo madaxa kaga dhuftay gool uu kaga dhaliyay albaabka tiyaatarka. Waqtigaas, Agnes Baltsa, oo ah milkiilaha mid ka mid ah codadka aan midab lahayn ee aan ka jeedin karin dhageystaha aragtida fikradaha ugu dambeeyay ee Master-ka, ayaa mar hore noqday Karajan mezzo-soprano joogto ah.

Sannadkii 1970-kii, Obraztsova waxay heshay abaal-marinaha ugu sarreeya laba tartan oo caalami ah: oo lagu magacaabo PI Tchaikovsky ee Moscow iyo magaca fannaanka caanka ah ee Isbaanishka Francisco Viñas ee Barcelona.

Laakiin Obraztsova ma joojin koritaanka. Hal-abuurkeedu aad buu u sii fidayaa. Waxay qabataa doorar kala duwan sida Frosya ee opera Prokofiev Semyon Kotko, Azucena ee Il trovatore, Carmen, Eboli ee Don Carlos, Zhenya Komelkova ee Molchanov's opera Dawns Here are xasilloon.

Waxay la ciyaartay Shirkadda Tiyaatarka Bolshoi ee Tokyo iyo Osaka (1970), Budapest iyo Vienna (1971), Milan (1973), New York iyo Washington (1975). Meel kastana dhaleecayntu waxay si joogto ah u xustaa xirfadda sare ee heesaaga Soofiyeedka. Mid ka mid ah dib-u-eegayaasha ka dib bandhigyada farshaxanka ee New York ayaa qoray: "Elena Obraztsova waxay qarka u saaran tahay aqoonsiga caalamiga ah. Waxaan ku riyoon karnaa oo keliya heesaa noocaas ah. Waxay haysataa wax kasta oo kala saara fanaanka casriga ah ee masraxa opera-ga heerka-sare ah.

Waxaa xusid mudan waxqabadkeedii Masraxa Liceo ee Barcelona bishii Diseembar 1974-kii, halkaas oo afar bandhig oo Carmen lagu soo bandhigay fannaaniin kala duwan oo door hoggaamineed ah. Obraztsova ayaa guul hal abuur leh oo cajiib ah ka dhalisay fannaaniinta Mareykanka ee Joy Davidson, Rosalind Elias iyo Grace Bumbry.

"Dhageysiga fannaanka Soofiyeedka," dhaleeceynta Isbaanishka ayaa qoray, "waxaan mar kale fursad u helnay inaan aragno sida wejiyo badan, shucuur ahaan, iyo mugga doorka Carmen uu yahay. Asxaabteeda xisbigan si qancin leh oo xiiso leh ayaa asal ahaan ka kooban hal dhinac oo ka mid ah dabeecadda geesinimada. Tusaale ahaan, sawirka Carmen wuxuu u muuqday dhammaan kakanaanta iyo qoto-dheeraanta nafsaaniga ah. Sidaa darteed, waxaan si badbaado leh u dhihi karnaa inay tahay jibbaarada ugu khiyaanada badan uguna aaminka badan fikradda faneed ee Bizet.

M. Zhirmunsky wuxuu qoray: "Carmen waxay ku heesay hees jacayl dilaa ah, oo aan loo dulqaadan karin dabeecadda aadanaha ee daciifka ah. Dhamaadka ciyaarta, iyada oo ku socota socod fudud oo goobta oo dhan ah, halyeygeeda lafteedu waxa ay isku tuurtay mindidii la sawiray, iyada oo u aragta in dhimashadu tahay ka samatabbixinta xanuunka gudaha, farqi aan loo adkaysan karin oo u dhexeeya riyooyinka iyo xaqiiqada. Fikradayda, doorkan, Obraztsova waxay samaysay kacdoon aan la mahadin oo ku saabsan masraxa opera. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah kuwii ugu horreeyay ee qaaday tallaabo xagga wax-soo-saarka fikradeed, kaas oo sannadihii 70-aadkii u soo baxay ifafaale opera agaasimaha. Kiiskeeda gaarka ah, fikradda waxqabadka oo dhan kama iman agaasimaha (Zeffirelli qudhiisu wuxuu ahaa agaasimaha), laakiin wuxuu ka yimid heesaha. Kartida hawl-qabadka ee Obraztsova waa ugu horreyn masraxiyad, waa iyada oo gacanta ku haysa riwaayadda waxqabadka, iyada oo ku soo rogtay cabbirkeeda…

Obraztsova lafteedu waxay leedahay: "Carmen waxay ku dhalatay March 1972 ee Spain, oo ku taal jasiiradaha Canary, tiyaatar yar oo la yiraahdo Perez Galdes. Waxaan u maleeyay inaanan waligey heesi doonin Carmen, waxay ii muuqatay inaysan tani qaybteyda ahayn. Markii ugu horeysay ee aan ku soo bandhigo, runtii waxaan la kulmay kulankeygii ugu horeeyay. Waxaan joojiyay inaan dareemayo sidii farshaxan, waxay u egtahay in nafta Carmen ay ii soo guurtay. Oo markii goobtii ugu dambaysay ee aan ka dhacay dharbaaxadii Navaja Jose, waxaan si lama filaan ah u dareemay naftayda si waali ah: maxaa aniga, aad u yar, waa inaan dhinto? Dabadeed, sidii qof hurday badhkii, ayaan maqlay oohintii dhegaystayaashii iyo sacabkii. Waxayna igu soo celiyeen xaqiiqada.”

Sanadkii 1975-kii, heesaha waxaa Spain loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay midka ugu wanaagsan ee qaybta Carmen. Obraztsova ka dib waxay samaysay doorkan marxaladaha Prague, Budapest, Belgrade, Marseille, Vienna, Madrid, iyo New York.

Bishii Oktoobar 1976, Obraztsova waxay ka soo muuqday Opera Metropolitan New York ee Aida. "Ogaanshaha fannaaniinta Soofiyeedka ee bandhigyadii hore ee Maraykanka, waxaan hubaal ka filnay wax badan oo ka mid ah waxqabadkeeda Amneris," ayuu qoray mid dhaleeceynaya. Xaqiiqadu, si kastaba ha ahaatee, way dhaaftay xitaa saadaasha geesinimada leh ee Met caadiga ah. Waxay ahayd guul dhab ah, taas oo goobta Maraykanku aysan ogeyn sannado badan. Waxay dhegaystayaashii gelisay xaalad farxadeed iyo farxad aan la soo koobi karin oo ay ku muujisay waxqabadkeeda xiisaha leh ee Amneris.” Naqdiye kale ayaa si cad u sheegay: "Obraztsova waa daahfurka ugu quruxda badan masraxa opera caalamiga sannadihii la soo dhaafay."

Obraztsova waxay u safartay dibadda wax badan mustaqbalka. 1977 waxay ku heesay Princess of Bouillon ee F. Cilea's Adriana Lecouvreur (San Francisco) iyo Ulrika in Ball in Masquerade (La Scala); 1980kii - Jocasta ee "Oedipus Rex" ee uu qoray IF Stravinsky ("La Scala"); 1982 - Jane Seymour ee "Anna Boleyn" ee G. Donizetti ("La Scala") iyo Eboli ee "Don Carlos" (Barcelona). Sannadkii 1985, xafladda Arena di Verona, farshaxanku wuxuu si guul leh u sameeyay qaybta Amneris (Aida).

Sannadka soo socda, Obraztsova waxay u shaqeysay sidii agaasime opera, iyada oo masraxa Massenet ee Werther ee Tiyaatarka Bolshoi, halkaas oo ay si guul leh u qabatay qaybta ugu muhiimsan. Ninkeeda labaad, A. Zhuraitis, ayaa ahaa kaariyihii.

Obraztsova waxay si guul leh u samaysay ma aha oo kaliya wax soo saarka opera. Iyada oo leh riwaayad riwaayadeed oo ballaadhan, waxay ku bixisay riwaayado La Scala, Hoolka Concert Pleyel (Paris), New York's Carnegie Hall, London ee Wigmore Hall, iyo meelo kale oo badan. Barnaamijyada riwaayadeeda caanka ah ee muusiga Ruushka waxaa ka mid ah wareegyada jaceylka ee Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, heesaha iyo wareegyada codka Mussorgsky, Sviridov, wareegtada heesaha Prokofiev ilaa gabayada A. Akhmatova. Barnaamijka qadiimiga ajnabiga ah waxaa ka mid ah wareegga R. Schuman "Jaceylka iyo Nolosha Haweeneyda", shuqullada muusiga Talyaani, Jarmal, Faransiis.

Obraztsova sidoo kale waxaa loo yaqaanaa macalin. Tan iyo 1984 waxay ahayd borofisar ka tirsan Conservatory Moscow. Sannadkii 1999-kii, Elena Vasilievna waxay madax ka ahayd tartankii ugu horreeyay ee caalamiga ah ee cod-yaqaannada oo lagu magacaabo Elena Obraztsova ee St. Petersburg.

Sannadkii 2000, Obraztsova waxay samaysay ciyaarkeedii ugu horreeyay ee masraxa riwaayadaha: waxay door muhiim ah ka qaadatay riwaayadda "Antonio von Elba", oo uu sameeyay R. Viktyuk.

Obraztsova waxay sii wadaa inay si guul leh u qabato sidii heesaa opera ah. Bishii Maajo 2002 waxay ku heesi jirtay Xarunta caanka ah ee Washington Kennedy iyada iyo Placido Domingo oo ku jira opera Tchaikovsky ee The Queen of Spades.

"Waxaa la igu martiqaaday halkan inaan ku heeso Boqorada Spades," ayuu yiri Obraztsova. - Intaa waxaa dheer, riwaayadeyda weyn waxay dhici doontaa May 26 ... Waxaan wada shaqeyneynay 38 sano (la Domingo. - Qiyaastii. Aut.). Waxaannu ku heesaynay "Carmen", iyo "Il trovatore", iyo "Kubbada Maskaxda", iyo "Samsoon iyo Deliilaah", iyo "Aida". Oo markii ugu dambeysay ee ay sameeyeen dayrtii hore waxay ahayd Los Angeles. Sida hadda, waxay ahayd Queen of Spades.

PS Elena Vasilievna Obraztsova waxa uu dhintay January 12, 2015.