Jaroslav Krombholc |

Jaroslav Krombholc

Ilaa dhowaan - ilaa shan iyo toban sano ka hor - magaca Yaroslav Krombholtz looma aqoon goob ballaadhan oo muusikada jecel. Maanta waxa si xaq ah loogu tixgaliyaa mid ka mid ah daawadeennada opera-ga adduunka, oo ah ku-xigeen u qalma Vaclav Talich iyo beddelka shaqadiisa. Dambe waa dabiici oo macquul ah: Krombholtz waa arday Talikh ma aha oo kaliya dugsiga fulinta ee Prague Conservatory, laakiin sidoo kale tiyaatarka qaranka, halkaas oo uu caawiye u ahaa sayidkii cajiibka ahaa muddo dheer.

Krombholtz waxa uu tababar ku qaatay Talix isaga oo da'yar balse durba si fiican wax u bartay muusikiiste. Wuxuu wax ku bartay halabuurka Prague Conservatory ee O. Shin iyo V. Novak, isagoo la shaqeynaya P. Dedechek, wuxuu ka qayb galay fasallada A. Khaba wuxuuna dhageystay casharro 3. Nejedla ee kuliyada falsafada ee Jaamacadda Charles. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka hore, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Krombholtz ma noqon doono kaari ah: muusikiiste ayaa aad u soo jiitay halabuurka, iyo qaar ka mid ah shuqulladiisa - simphony, qolalka orchestral, sextet, heeso - weli laga maqlay masraxa riwaayadaha. Laakiin horeba afartankii, muusikiiste da 'yar ayaa bixiyay dareenka ugu weyn ee qabashada. Isagoo weli arday ah, wuxuu markii ugu horreysay helay fursad uu ku sameeyo bandhigyada opera ee "Talikhov repertoire" ee Masraxa Dadka wuxuuna isku dayay inuu dhex galo sirta xirfaddiisa.

Shaqada madax-bannaanida ee kirishbooyada waxay bilaabatay markii uu jiray saddex iyo labaatan jir. Masraxa magaalada Pilsen, wuxuu dhigay "Jenufa", ka dibna "Dalibor" iyo "guurka Figaro". Saddexdan shaqo ayaa la sameeyay, sida ay ahayd, aasaaska riwaayadiisa: saddex nibiriga - Classics Czech, muusikada casriga ah iyo Mozart. Ka dibna Krombholtz wuxuu u soo jeestay buundooyinka Suk, Ostrchil, Fibich, Novak, Burian, Borzhkovets - dhab ahaantii, ugu dhakhsaha badan dhammaan wixii ugu fiicnaa ee ay abuureen asxaabtiisa ayaa soo galay riwaayadiisa.

Sanadkii 1963, Krombholtz wuxuu noqday madaxa masraxa ee Prague. Halkan Krombholtz wuxuu ku koray turjumaan cajiib ah iyo dacaayad ka mid ah ciyaaraha opera ee Czech, oo ah mid aad u jecel iyo tijaabiyaha opera casriga ah, sida uu maanta loo yaqaan ma aha oo kaliya Czechoslovakia, laakiin sidoo kale dibadda. Sheekada joogtada ah ee kirishbooyada waxaa ka mid ah inta badan operas Smetana, Dvorak, Fibich, Foerster, Novak, oo uu shaqeeyo Janáček, Ostrchil, Jeremias, Kovarovits, Burian, Sukhoń, Martin, Volprecht, Cikker, Power iyo kuwa kale ee Czechoslovak, iyo sidoo kale Mozart, kaas oo weli waa mid ka mid ah qorayaasha uu jecel yahay fannaanka. Taas waxa la socota, wuxuu fiiro gaar ah u leeyahay operas Ruush ah, oo ay ku jiraan Eugene Onegin, Snow Maiden, Boris Godunov, operas by qorayaasha casriga ah - Dagaalka Prokofiev iyo Nabadda iyo Sheekada Nin Dhab ah, Shostakovich's Katerina Izmailova. Ugu dambeyntii, wax-soo-saarkii ugu dambeeyay ee riwaayadaha R. Strauss (Salome iyo Elektra), iyo sidoo kale A. Berg's Wozzeck, ayaa kasbaday sumcad sida mid ka mid ah khubarada ugu fiican iyo tarjumaannada riwaayadaha casriga ah.

Sharafta sare ee Krombholtz waxaa lagu xaqiijiyay guusha uu ka gaaray meel ka baxsan Czechoslovakia. Ka dib safarro dhowr ah oo uu la qaatay kooxda Masraxa Dadweynaha ee USSR, Belgium, Jarmalka Bari, waxaa si joogta ah loogu martiqaaday inuu sameeyo bandhigyada tiyaatarada ugu fiican Vienna iyo London, Milan iyo Stuttgart, Warsaw iyo Rio de Janeiro, Berlin iyo Paris . Wax soo saarka gabadheeda, Katerina Izmailova, Aroosadda Bartered ee Vienna State Opera, Cikker's Resurrection at Opera Stuttgart, Aroosadda Bartered iyo Boris Godunov ee Covent Garden, Katya Kabanova ayaa si gaar ah u guuleystay. "iyo" Enufa "ee xaflada Nederlaan. Krombholtz ugu horrayn waa kirishbooyada opera. Laakin wali waxa uu waqti u helaa bandhig faneedka, Czechoslovakia iyo dibaddaba, gaar ahaan England, halkaas oo uu aad caan uga yahay. Qayb gaar ah oo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah barnaamijyadiisa riwaayadaha waxaa qabsaday muusiga qarnigii XNUMXaad: halkan, oo ay weheliyaan laxamiistaha Czechoslovak, waa Debussy, Ravel, Roussel, Millau, Bartok, Hindemith, Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Kodai, F. Marten.

Isagoo sharraxaya sawirka hal-abuurka leh ee farshaxanka, naqdiye P. Eckstein wuxuu qoray: "Krombholtz waa marka ugu horeysa ee dhammaan heesaha heesaha ah, dhammaan baaritaankiisa iyo guulihiisa waxaa lagu calaamadiyaa jilicsanaan iyo qurux gaar ah. Laakiin, dabcan, curiyaha riwaayaddu sidoo kale maaha meel daciif ah. Duubitaankiisa qaybo ka mid ah riwaayadaha muusiga ee Fiebich Aroosadda Messina ayaa ka marag kacaysa tan, sida, runtii, wax soo saarka cajiibka ah ee Wozzeck ee Prague. Dareenka gabayga iyo dhawaaqyada raaxada ayaa si gaar ah ugu dhow hibada fannaanka. Tan waxaa laga dareemay Dvořák's Rusalka, oo uu duubay isaga oo ay u aqoonsadeen dhaleeceyntu inay tahay fasiraadda ugu fiican ee shaqada. Laakiin duubistiisa kale, sida opera-ka “Laba Carmallada”, Krombholtz waxa uu muujinayaa dareenkiisa kaftan iyo nimco buuxda.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969