Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova-Benois |

Maria Kuznetsova-Benois

Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova waa heesaa opera Ruush (soprano) iyo qoob-ka-cayaaraha, mid ka mid ah fannaaniinta ugu caansan ee kacaanka ka hor Russia. Soloist hormuudka ah ee Tiyaatarka Mariinsky, ka qaybqaataha Sergei Diaghilev ee xilliyada Ruushka. Waxay la shaqeysay NA Rimsky-Korsakov, Richard Strauss, Jules Massenet, oo la heesay Fyodor Chaliapin iyo Leonid Sobinov. Ka dib markii uu ka tagay Ruushka 1917 ka dib, waxay sii waday inay si guul leh u qabato dibadda.

Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova waxa uu ku dhashay 1880 ee Odessa. Maria waxay ku kortay jawi hal abuur leh iyo caqli-galnimo, aabbaheed Nikolai Kuznetsov wuxuu ahaa farshaxan, hooyadeedna waxay ka timid qoyska Mechnikov, adeerkiis Maria waxay ahaayeen bayoolajiga Nobel ee biologist Ilya Mechnikov iyo sociologist Lev Mechnikov. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ayaa booqday guriga Kuznetsovs, kuwaas oo soo jiitay tayada fannaanka mustaqbalka oo u sameeyay heesaha carruurta iyada, laga bilaabo carruurnimada Maria waxay ku riyootay inay noqoto jilaa.

Waalidkeed waxay u direen gymnasium ku yaal Switzerland, dib ugu soo laabatay Ruushka, waxay wax ku baratay ballet St. Petersburg, laakiin way diiday inay dheesho, waxayna bilawday inay barato vocals iyada oo ah macalin Talyaani ah Marty, ka dibna baritone iyo lammaaneheedii IV Tartakov. Qof kastaa wuxuu xusay iyada soprano lyrical qurux saafi ah, karti la dareemi karo sida jilaa iyo quruxda dumarka. Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky wuxuu ku tilmaamay inay tahay "... soprano riwaayado ah oo la arki karo laguna dhegeysan karo rabitaanka cuntada."

In 1904, Maria Kuznetsova ka dhigay iyada ugu horeysay on masraxa St. Petersburg Conservatory sida Tatyana ee Tchaikovsky ee Eugene Onegin, iyo masraxa Mariinsky Masraxa ee 1905 sida Marguerite in Gounod ee Faust. Soloist ee Masraxa Mariinsky, oo leh nasasho gaaban, Kuznetsova waxay sii joogtay ilaa kacaankii 1917. 1905, laba rikoodh oo gramophone ah oo la duubay oo lagu duubay bandhigeeda ayaa lagu sii daayay St.

Mar, 1905, wax yar ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Kuznetsova ee Mariinsky, inta lagu guda jiro iyada bandhiga masraxa, khilaaf ayaa ka dhex qarxay ardayda iyo saraakiisha, xaaladda waddanku waxay ahayd kacdoon, argagax ayaa bilaabay masraxa. Maria Kuznetsova ayaa ka joojisay Elsa's aria oo ka timid R. Wagner's "Lohengrin" waxayna si deggan u qaaday heesta Ruushka ee "God Save the Tsar", dadka buzzers ayaa lagu qasbay inay joojiyaan muranka, dhagaystayaashuna way dejiyeen, bandhiggu wuu sii socday.

Ninka ugu horreeya ee Maria Kuznetsova wuxuu ahaa Albert Albertovich Benois, oo ka soo jeeda boqortooyadii caanka ahaa ee naqshadeeyayaasha Ruushka, farshaxanada, taariikhyahanada Benois. Bilowgii xirfadeeda, Maria waxaa lagu yaqaanay laba jibbaar Kuznetsova-Benoit. Guurka labaad, Maria Kuznetsova waxay guursatay soo saaraha Bogdanov, saddexaad - bangiga iyo warshadaha Alfred Massenet, oo adeer u ah muusigga caanka ah ee Jules Massenet.

Kuznetsova-Benois inta lagu guda jiro xirfadeeda, waxay ka qaybqaatay bandhigyo badan oo Yurub ah, oo ay ku jiraan qaybaha Fevronia ee Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh iyo Maiden Fevronia iyo Cleopatra oo ka socda opera magac isku mid ah by J. Massenet, kaas oo curiyaha ayaa si gaar ah ugu qoray. Iyo sidoo kale masraxa Ruushka waxay soo bandhigtay markii ugu horeysay doorarka Woglinda ee R. Gold of Rhine ee R. Wagner, Cio-Cio-san ee Madama Butterfly by G. Puccini iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Waxay soo booqatay magaalooyin ku yaal Ruushka, Faransiiska, Great Britain, Jarmalka, Talyaaniga, Mareykanka iyo wadamo kale oo ay la socoto Shirkadda Mariinsky Opera.

Waxaa ka mid ah doorkeeda ugu fiican: Antonida ("Life for the Tsar" by M. Glinka), Lyudmila ("Ruslan iyo Lyudmila" by M. Glinka), Olga ("Mermaid" by A. Dargomyzhsky), Masha ("Dubrovsky" by E. Napravnik), Oksana ("Cherevichki" ee P. Tchaikovsky), Tatiana ("Eugene Onegin" ee P. Tchaikovsky), Kupava ("The Snow Maiden" ee N. Rimsky-Korsakov), Juliet ("Romeo iyo Juliet" by P. Tchaikovsky). Ch. Gounod), Carmen ("Carmen" Zh Bizet), Manon Lescaut ("Manon" ee J. Massenet), Violetta ("La Traviata" ee G. Verdi), Elsa ("Lohengrin" ee R. Wagner) iyo kuwa kale .

In 1914, Kuznetsova si ku meel gaar ah uga tagay Masraxa Mariinsky iyo, oo ay la socdaan Ballet Ruush Sergei Diaghilev, sameeyey ee Paris iyo London sida ballerina ah, iyo sidoo kale qayb ahaan kafaala qaaday waxqabadkooda. Waxay ku cayaartay ballet "The Legend of Joseph" by Richard Strauss, ballet waxaa diyaariyey xiddigaha waqtigooda - laxanka iyo kaari Richard Strauss, agaasime Sergei Diaghilev, choreographer Mikhail Fokin, dharka iyo muuqaalka Lev Bakst, oo hogaaminaya qoob ka ciyaarka Leonid Myasin. . Waxay ahayd door muhiim ah iyo shirkad wanaagsan, laakiin bilowgii hore wax soo saarka ayaa la kulmay qaar ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka: waxaa jiray waqti yar oo ku celcelinta, Strauss ku jiray niyad xun, sida ballerinas martida Ida Rubinstein iyo Lydia Sokolova diiday inay ka qayb qaataan, iyo Strauss sameeyey. Ma jecli in uu la shaqeeyo fannaaniinta Faransiiska oo si joogto ah ula dagaallamo orchestra, Diaghilev wuxuu weli ka walwalsanaa ka tagista qoob ka ciyaarka Vaslav Nijinsky ee kooxda. In kasta oo ay jiraan dhibaatooyin gadaashiisa ah, ballet-ku si guul leh ayaa looga dooday London iyo Paris. Marka laga soo tago in ay isku dayday gacanteeda ballet, Kuznetsova waxay samaysay dhowr bandhigyo hawleed, oo ay ku jiraan wax soo saarka Borodin ee Prince Igor ee London.

Kacaankii ka dib 1918, Maria Kuznetsova ka tagay Russia. Sida ku habboon aktarada, waxay u samaysay si qurux badan - iyada oo u labisan sidii wiil kabiin ah, waxay ku dhuumatay sagxada hoose ee markab ku socday Iswidhan. Waxay noqotay heesaa opera ah Opera Stockholm, ka dibna Copenhagen ka dibna Royal Opera House, Covent Garden ee London. Waqtigaan oo dhan waxay si joogto ah u timid Paris, 1921-kii waxay ugu dambeyntii degtay Paris, taas oo noqotay gurigeeda labaad ee hal-abuurka ah.

1920kii Kuznetsova waxay samaysay riwaayado gaar ah oo ay ku heesi jirtay Ruush, Faransiis, Isbaanish iyo heeso gypsy ah, jacayl iyo operas. Riwaayadahan, waxay inta badan ku dheeli jirtay qoob-ka-ciyaarka Isbaanishka iyo flamenco. Qaar ka mid ah riwaayadaheeda waxay ahaayeen kuwo samafal ah si ay u caawiyaan hijrada Ruushka ee baahan. Waxay noqotay xiddigta opera-ka Paris, in la aqbalo salonkeeda waxa loo tixgeliyey sharaf weyn. "Midabka bulshada", wasiirro iyo warshad-yaqaanno ayaa ku soo qulqulay horteeda. Marka laga soo tago riwaayadaha gaarka ah, waxay inta badan ka shaqeysay sidii soloist guryo badan oo opera ah oo Yurub ah, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa Covent Garden iyo Paris Opera iyo Opéra Comique.

Sanadkii 1927, Maria Kuznetsova, oo ay weheliyaan Prince Alexei Tsereteli iyo baritone Mikhail Karakash, ayaa abaabulay shirkadda Opera ee Ruushka ee Paris, halkaas oo ay ku martiqaadeen fannaaniin badan oo Ruush ah oo ka tagay Ruushka. Opera Ruushku waxay soo bandhigeen Sadko, Sheekada Tsar Saltan, Sheekada Magaalada aan la arki karin ee Kitezh iyo Maiden Fevronia, Bandhiga Sorochinskaya iyo riwaayado kale iyo ballet oo ay sameeyeen halabuurayaal Ruush ah waxaana lagu soo bandhigay London, Paris, Barcelona, ​​​​Madrid, Milan iyo Buenos Aires fog. Opera Ruush ayaa socday ilaa 1933.

Maria Kuznetsova waxay ku dhimatay Abriil 25, 1966 magaalada Paris, Faransiiska.