Xafladaha muusiga |
Bandhiga Ingiriisiga iyo Faransiiska, laga bilaabo lat. festivus - farxad, damaashaad
Xaflado ka kooban riwaayado iyo riwaayado meerto ah oo lagu midaysan yahay magac guud, hal barnaamij iyo xaflado gaar ah. deegaanka. Muuse. F. waxay ku kala duwan yihiin muddada (laga bilaabo dhawr maalmood ilaa lix bilood) iyo nuxurka. Waxa jira hal-ku-dheg (oo loo hibeeyey muusiga hal-abuure), mawduucyo (u huray nooc gaar ah, xilli, ama jihayn qaabaysan), iyo jilaa. dacwooyinka, iwm. F. waxaa abaabulaya gobolka. iyo maamulka deegaanka, philharmonics iyo muses. adiga kugu saabsan, caasimadda. wadamada - sidoo kale shirkado iyo shakhsiyaad. Si joogto ah ayaa loo qabtaa: sanad walba, 2dii sanoba mar (biennale) ama 3-4 sano kasta, iyo sidoo kale iyadoo la xiriirta dabaaldegyo gaar ah. dhacdooyinka. Inta badan waxaa lagu habeeyaa magaalooyinka caanka ku ah muusigooda. caadooyinka ama la xidhiidha nolosha iyo shaqada fannaaniinta waaweyn (qaar F., tusaale ahaan, Bulshada Caalamiga ah ee Muusigga casriga ah, waxaa lagu abaabulaa magaalooyinka dalal kala duwan).
Muuse. F. waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan Great Britain (London, 1709) oo asal ahaan waxay la xidhiidhaan kaniisadda. muusik. Laga soo bilaabo dabaqa 2aad. Qarnigii 18-aad waxaa laga fuliyay waddamo badan oo Center ah. Yurub, oo ay ku jiraan Austria (Vienna, 1772), laga bilaabo bilowgii. Qarnigii 19-aad - gudaha Jarmalka (Frankenhausen, Thuringia, 1810); Muusikii ugu horreeyay ee Ameerika F. oo la abaabulay 1869 (Worcester). Qaybinta ayaa heshay caalami. muusigii F. qarnigii 20aad, gaar ahaan bartamihii. 40-kii ugu waynaa ee iyaga ka mid ah waxay qabsadeen meel muhiim ah casriga ah. nolosha music duwan. wadamada, waxay ka qayb qaataan kor u qaadida muusikada. art-va, horumarinta xiriirka dhaqameed ee ka dhexeeya dadyowga. Soloists-ka ugu weyn, opera-ka ugu fiican, fannaaniinta symphonic ayaa ku lug leh iyaga. iyo heeso. kooxaha, qolalka ensembles laga bilaabo dec. wadamada. Inta badan, gudaha qaabka F., dhacdooyinka caalamiga ah ayaa la qabtaa. tartamada muusikada. Isla mar ahaantaana, qaar ka mid ah F. ee bourgeois. wadamadu waxay ahaanayaan kuwo aan la heli karin dadweynaha guud sababtoo ah qiimaha tigidhada oo sarreeya oo dabeecad ahaan, F. kale waxaa haysta Ch. arr. ujeedooyin xayaysiis (si loo soo jiito dalxiisayaasha).
Inta badan macnaheedu. intl. muusiga F .: Awstaria - Salzburg (1920), "Todobaadyada Bandhiga Vienna" (1951); Great Britain - Glyndebourne (1934) iyo Edinburgh (tiyaatarka iyo muusiga, 1947); Hungary - "Budapest Muses. toddobaadyo” (1956); GDR – Handel F. ee Halle (1952), “Berlin Muses. maalmo” (1957); Denmark - Taariikhda. boqor. F. opera iyo ballet (1949); Talyaaniga - "Florentine Muses. May (1933), Venice Biennale (muusikada casriga ah, 1930), Festival of Two Worlds (Spoleto, 1958); Nederlaan - Dutch F. ee Amsterdam (1948); Poland - "Dayrta Warsaw" (muusiga casriga ah, 1954), "Poznan Music. gu' (1960); Romania – F. im. J. Enescu ee Bucharest (1958); USA - F. ee Berkshire (muusikada qolka, 1918), Rochester (Amer. music, 1931), Tanglewood (oo ay abaabuleen SA Koussevitsky, 1935); FRG - F. ee Bayreuth (1882), Donaueschingen (muusikada casriga ah, 1946); Finland – “Toddobaadka Sibelius” ee Helsinki (1951); Faransiiska - Besancon F. (1947), im. Casals ee Prada (1950), Masraxa Qaramada Midoobay ee Paris (1957); Czechoslovakia - "Prague Spring" (1946); Switzerland - International. isbuucii iidda” ee Lucerne (1939); Yugoslavia – Ciyaaraha Xagaaga Dubrovnik (tiyaatarka iyo muusiga, 1950), Ohrid Summer (1961), Muusiga Zagreb. Biennale (1961); Japan - Muusigga. F. ee Osaka (1957). Laga soo bilaabo 60-kii. caanka F. estr. fanka iyo heesaha, gaar ahaan Yurub.
In USSR, muses ugu horeysay. F. waxa la qabanqaabiyay 30kii. (Leningrad). Qaybinta laga helay con. 50aadkii 1957kii, All-Union Ph. Dram waa la abaabulay. iyo muusiga. t-daad, F. guumaystaha. muusiga Latvia, Lithuania iyo Estonia, "Guga Transcaucasian". Tan iyo 1962, All-Union F. casriga ah. muusiga Gorky, tan iyo 1964 - muusigga sannadlaha ah. F. "Xiddigaha Moscow" iyo "Jiilaalka Ruushka" ee Moscow, "Habeenada Cadaanka" ee Leningrad, iyo sidoo kale muusikada. ururka oo dhan, wakiil. F. iyo kuwo kale. 1977dii, Ururka All-Union F. Samoyeda ayaa la qabtay. fanka hal-abuurka shaqaalaha, oo u heellan sannad-guuradii 60-aad ee kacaannadii Oct. 1917 (eeg waxqabadka Amateur).
Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Dhallinyarada Dimuqraadiga ah iyo Ururka Caalamiga ah ee ardayda ilaa 1947 ayaa si xilliyo ah loo qabtay Intern. F. dimuqraadi ah. Dhallinyarada iyo Ardayda (kadib Sanduuqa Caalamiga ah ee Dhallinyarada iyo Ardayda). On kuwan F. fanka lagu habeeyey. tartamada, bandhigyada, tartamada ciyaaraha, iwm.
