Otar Vasilyevich Taktakishvili |

Otar Taktakishvili

Awoodda buuraha, dhaq-dhaqaaqa degdega ah ee wabiyada, ubaxa dabeecadda quruxda badan ee Georgia iyo xikmad qarniyo jir ah oo dadkeeda ah - waxaas oo dhan waxaa si kalgacal leh ugu dhex muuqday shaqadiisa muusikiiste Georgian ah O. Taktakishvili. Iyada oo ku saleysan caadooyinka Classics music Georgian iyo Ruush (gaar ahaan, shaqada aasaasihii dugsiga qaranka ee laxamiistaha Z. Paliashvili), Taktakishvili abuuray shuqullo badan oo lagu daray sanduuqa dahabka ah ee dhaqanka caalamiga ah ee Soofiyeeti.

Taktakishvili waxa uu ku koray qoys muusik ah. Wax ku bartay Tbilisi Conservatory ee fasalka Professor S. Barkhudaryan. Waxay ahayd inta lagu guda jiro sannadihii ilaalinta in kartida muusikada da'da yar ay si degdeg ah u qaadatay, kuwaas oo magaciisa horeba caan u noqday Georgia oo dhan. Laxanka da'da yar ayaa qoray hees, taas oo loo aqoonsaday inay tahay tan ugu wanaagsan tartanka jamhuuriyadda waxaana loo ansixiyay heesta qaranka ee Georgian SSR. Ka dib dugsigii qalin-jabinta (1947-50), xidhiidhka konserfatifka lama go'in. Laga soo bilaabo 1952, Taktakishvili waxa uu halkaa ku barayay afafka badan iyo qalabaynta, 1962-65. - Isagu waa Rector, iyo tan iyo 1966 - professor ee fasalka halabuurka.

Shaqooyinka la abuuray sannadihii daraasadda iyo ilaa bartamihii 50-meeyadii waxay ka tarjumayeen miro dhalka ah ee qoraaga da'da yar ee caadooyinka jacaylka qadiimiga ah. 2 heesood, Concerto Piano First, gabayga symphonic "Mtsyri" - kuwani waa shuqullada ay ku sawiran yihiin sawirada iyo qaar ka mid ah hababka muujinta ee muusikadda jacaylka iyo u dhiganta da'da jacaylka ee qoraagooda ayaa ka muuqday ilaa xadka ugu weyn. .

Ilaa bartamihii 50aadkii. Taktakishvili waxay si firfircoon uga shaqeysaa goobta muusiga codka ee qolka. Wareegyada codka sanadahaas waxay noqdeen shaybaadhka hal-abuurka muusikiiste: iyaga oo ku dhex raadiyay cod-qaadistiisa, qaabkiisa, taas oo saldhig u noqotay hal-abuurkiisa opera iyo oratorio. Jacayl badan oo ku saabsan tuducyada ay leeyihiin gabayaagii Georgian V. Pshavela, I. Abashidze, S. Chikovani, G. Tabidze ayaa markii dambe lagu daray heeso waaweyn oo cod iyo heeso ah by Taktakishvili.

opera "Mindiya" (1960), oo ku salaysan maansadii V. Pshavela, waxay noqotay hal-abuur dhabbihii halabuureed ee curiyaha. Tan iyo wakhtigaas, shaqada Taktakishvili, leexashada ayaa loo qorsheeyay noocyada waaweyn - operas iyo oratorios, iyo goobta muusikada qalabka - riwaayadaha. Waxay ahayd noocyadan nooca ugu xooggan uguna asalka badan ee hibada halabuureed ee curiyaha. Opera "Mindiya", oo ku salaysan sheekada nin dhallinyaro ah Mindni, oo hibo u leh awoodda fahamka codadka dabiiciga ah, ayaa si buuxda u muujiyay dhammaan tayada Taktakishvili riwaayadaha: awoodda ay u leeyihiin inay abuuraan sawirro muusiko ah oo muuqda, waxay muujinayaan horumarkooda maskaxeed. , oo dhis muuqaallo tiro badan oo isku dhafan. "Mindiya" waxaa si guul leh loogu soo bandhigay dhowr guri oo opera ah oo ku yaala dalkeena iyo dibaddaba.

operas 2 ee soo socda by Taktakishvili - triptych "Saddex Nolol" (1967), abuuray ku salaysan shuqullada M. Javakhishvili iyo G. Tabidze, iyo "Afduubka Dayaxa" (1976) oo ku salaysan sheeko by K Gamsakhurdia – ka sheekee noloshii dadka Joorjiya ee xilligii kacaanka ka hor iyo maalmihii ugu horreeyay ee kacaanka. Sanadihii 70aadkii. 2 operas oo majaajillo ah ayaa sidoo kale la sameeyay, kuwaas oo daaha ka qaadaya waji cusub oo kartida Taktakishvili - luuqaynta iyo kaftanka dabeecadda wanaagsan. Kuwani waa "Saaxiibkii" oo ku salaysan sheekada gaaban ee M. Javakhishvili iyo "Eccentrics" ("Jacaylka Koowaad") oo ku salaysan sheekada R. Gabriadze.

Dabeecadda asalka ah iyo farshaxanka dad waynaha, sawirada taariikhda Georgian iyo suugaanta waa mawduucyada Taktakishvili ee waxqabadyada cod-bixinta ee ugu weyn - oratorios iyo cantatas. Taktakishvili labadiisa oratorios ee ugu wanaagsan, "Raacidda Tallaabooyinka Rustaveli" iyo "Nikoloz Baratashvili", wax badan ayay wadaagaan. Iyaga, halabuurku wuxuu ka tarjumayaa masiirka abwaannada, xirfaddooda. Xuddunta oratooriyada Raad-raacyadii "Rustaveli" (1963) waa meertada maansooyinka ee I. Abashidze. Qoraalka hoose ee shaqada "Chants Solemn" ayaa qeexaya nooca ugu muhiimsan ee sawirada muusikada - tani waa heeso, ammaanta gabayada halyeeyga ah ee Georgia iyo sheeko ku saabsan nasiibkiisa naxdinta leh. Oratori Nikoloz Baratashvili (1970), oo u heellan gabayaaga jacaylka Georgian ee qarnigii XNUMX-aad, waxaa ka mid ah ujeedooyinka niyad-jabka, hal-ku-dhegyada heesaha xiisaha leh, iyo degdegga xorriyadda. Dhaqanka hiddaha iyo dhaqanka waa mid cusub oo dhalaalaya oo ka soo horjeeda Taktakishvili's triptych vocal-symphonic - "Heesaha Gurian", "Heesaha Mingrelian", "Georgian hess cilmaani". Halabuurkan, lakabyada asalka ah ee fannaankii hore ee Georgian ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, laxamiistaha ayaa qoray oratorio "Iyadoo laxanka Tsereteli", wareegga heesaha "Kartala tunes".

Taktakishvili wuxuu qoray muusik badan oo qalabaysan. Isagu waa qoraaga afar riwaayadood oo biyaano ah, laba violin ah, mid cello ah. Muusiga qolka (Quartet, Piano Quintet, Piano Trio), iyo muusiga shineemada iyo masraxa (Oedipus Rex ee Masraxa S. Rustaveli ee Tbilisi, Antigone ee Masraxa I. Franko ee Kyiv, “Sheekada Jiilaalka” ee Masraxa Farshaxanka ee Moscow) .

Taktakishvili inta badan u dhaqmeen sidii kaari ka mid ah shuqulladiisa u gaar ah (badan oo ka mid ah premieres uu sameeyay qoraaga), sida qoraaga maqaallada taabanaya dhibaatooyinka halista ah ee hal-abuurka laxamiistaha, xiriirka ka dhexeeya farshaxanka dadweynaha iyo xirfadeed, iyo waxbarashada muusikada. Shaqo dheer oo ah Wasiirka Dhaqanka ee SSR Georgian, shaqo firfircoon oo ka tirsan Ururka laxamiistaha USSR iyo Georgia, matalaadda xeerbeegtida dhammaan Midowga iyo tartamada caalamiga ah - dhammaan kuwanu waa wajiyada waxqabadka dadweynaha ee curiyaha Otar Taktakishvili, oo uu u hibeeyay dadka, isaga oo aaminsan in "ma jirto hawl sharaf leh oo farshaxan ah oo aan ka ahayn in uu ku noolaado oo uu u abuuro dadka, magaca dadka.

V. Cenova