Ottorino Respighi (Ottorino Respighi) |

Ottorino Respighi

Taariikhda muusiga Talyaaniga qeybtii hore ee qarnigii XNUMXaad. Respighi waxa uu soo galay qoraaga hawlaha faneedka barnaamijka dhalaalaya (gabayada "Roman Fountains", "Pins of Rome").

Laxanka mustaqbalka wuxuu ka dhashay qoys fannaaniin ah. Awowgiis wuxuu ahaa organist, aabihiis wuxuu ahaa pianoist, wuxuu lahaa Respighi wuxuuna qaatay duruustiisii ​​ugu horeysay ee biyaano. 1891-99 kii. Waxbarshada Respighi ee Music Lyceum ee Bologna: ku ciyaarista violin ee F. Sarti, counterpoint iyo fugue la Dall Olio, halabuurka L. Torqua iyo J. Martucci. Tan iyo 1899-kii wuxuu ku soo bandhigay riwaayadaha sida violinist. Sanadkii 1900, wuxuu qoray mid ka mid ah halabuurkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay - "Symphonic Variations" ee orchestra.

Sannadkii 1901-dii, isagoo violinist ka ahaa orchestra, Respighi wuxuu safar ku tagay St. Petersburg isagoo wata koox talyaani ah oo opera ah. Halkan waxaa ah kulan muhiim ah oo uu la yeeshay N. Rimsky-Korsakov. Hal-abuurkii Ruushka ahaa ee sharafta lahaa ayaa si qabow u salaamay booqashadii aan la aqoon, laakiin ka dib markii uu eegay buundooyinkiisa, waxa uu noqday mid xiiseeya oo waxa uu ogolaaday in uu wax la barto Talyaaniga da'da yar. Casharradu waxay socdeen 5 bilood. Iyada oo la raacayo jihada Rimsky-Korsakov, Respighi ayaa qoray Prelude, Chorale iyo Fugue ee orchestra. Qormadani waxay noqotay shaqadiisa qalin-jabinta ee Bologna Lyceum, macalinkiisa Martucci wuxuu xusay: "Respighi hadda ma aha arday, laakiin waa sayid." Iyada oo ay taasi jirto, halabuuruhu wuu sii wanaajiyey: 1902dii waxa uu casharro halabuur ah ka qaatay M. Bruch ee Berlin. Sannad ka dib, Respighi wuxuu mar kale booqday Ruushka oo wata kooxda opera, wuxuu ku nool yahay St. Petersburg iyo Moscow. Isagoo si fiican u bartay luqadda Ruushka, wuxuu si xiiso leh u bartay nolosha farshaxanka ee magaalooyinkaas, isaga oo aad u qadarinaya opera Moscow iyo bandhigyada ballet ee muuqaalka iyo dharka ee K. Korovin iyo L. Bakst. Xidhiidhka Ruushka ma joogsado xitaa ka dib marka ay ku noqdaan dalkooda hooyo. A. Lunacharsky wuxuu wax ka bartay Jaamacadda Bologna, oo markii dambe, 20-meeyadii, muujiyay rabitaanka in Respighi uu mar kale yimaado Ruushka.

Respighi waa mid ka mid ah halabuurayaashii Talyaani ee ugu horreeyay ee dib u helay bogag la ilaaway oo muusig Talyaani ah. Horraantii 1900-aadkii waxa uu abuuray abaabul cusub oo ah “Baroorta Ariadne” ee uu qoray C. Monteverdi, halabuurkana waxa uu si guul leh ugu qabtay Berlin Philharmonic.

Sannadkii 1914, Respighi waa qoraaga saddex hawlood, laakiin shaqada aaggan ma keenayso guul. Dhanka kale, curinta maansada murtida leh ee The Fountains of Rome (1917) waxay halabuuraha ka dhigtay safka hore ee fannaaniinta Talyaaniga. Tani waa qaybta koowaad ee nooc ka mid ah saddex-geesood: Ilaha Rome, Pines of Rome (1924) iyo Ciidaha Rome (1928). G. Puccini, oo si aad ah u garanayay curiyaha oo ay saaxiibo ahaayeen, ayaa yidhi: “Ma garanaysaa qofka ugu horreeya ee daraaseeya buundooyinka Respighi? I. Guriga daabacaadda ee Ricordi waxaan helay nuqulka ugu horreeya ee mid kasta oo ka mid ah buundooyinkiisa cusub iyo in ka badan iyo in ka badan oo aan u riyaaqay farshaxankiisa qalabaynta ee aan la dhaafin.

Barashada I. Stravinsky, S. Diaghilev, M. Fokin iyo V. Nijinsky waxay ahayd mid muhiimad wayn u leh shaqada Respighi. Sannadkii 1919kii kooxdii Diaghilev waxay London ku soo bandhigtay ballet Dukaanka Miracle, oo ku salaysan muusiga qaybaha piano ee G. Rossini.

Tan iyo 1921, Respighi waxa uu inta badan u soo bandhigay sida kaari, samaynta halabuurkiisa, dalxiis ahaan sida pianist ee Europe, USA, iyo Brazil. Laga soo bilaabo 1913 ilaa dhamaadka noloshiisa, wuxuu wax ku baray Akadeemiyada Santa Cecilia ee Rome, iyo 1924-26. waa agaasimaheeda.

Respighi's shaqadeeda sifoniyeedka waxay si gaar ah isugu daraysaa farsamooyinka wax-qorista ee casriga ah, abaabulka midabbada leh (Saddex-geesoodka symphonic ee aan soo sheegnay, "Impressions Brazil"), iyo u janjeerta dhinaca laxanka qadiimiga ah, qaabab qadiimi ah, ie xubno ka mid ah neoclassicism. Tiro ka mid ah laxamiistaha heesahiisa ayaa lagu qoray mawduucyada heesta Gregorian ("Concerto Gregorian" ee violin, "Concerto in Mixolydian mode" iyo 3 horudhac ah oo ku saabsan heesaha Gregorian ee piano, "Doria Quartet"). Respighi waxay leedahay habayn bilaash ah oo operas ah "Addoonka-Madam" ee G. Pergolesi, "Tricks Female" ee D. Cimarosa, "Orpheus" ee C. Monteverdi iyo shuqullo kale oo ay sameeyeen halabuurayaashii hore ee Talyaani, orchestration of shan "Etudes-Rijiyeynta" Waxaa qoray S. Rachmaninov, xubin passacaglia ee C yar JS Bach.

V. Ilyev

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