Vytautas Prano Barkauskas (Vytautas Barkauskas) |

Vytautas Barkauskas

Mid ka mid ah sayidyada hormuudka u ah dhaqanka muusiga casriga ah ee Lithuania, V. Barkauskas, waxaa iska leh jiilka laxamiistaha Lithuania kuwaas oo isu dhigay 60-meeyadii. sida "dhibaalayaal", u jeestay sawir cusub, luqad cusub, mararka qaarkood naxdin leh avant-garde. Laga soo bilaabo tillaabooyinka ugu horreeya, Barkauskas wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha dhalinyarada, laakiin horeyba shaqadiisii ​​​​hore tan cusub waligeed lama soo rogin, laakiin waxay u dhaqmeen xiriir dhow oo dhaqameed, oo si buuxda u addeeca naqshadda farshaxanka. Intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa hal-abuurka ah, qaabka Barkauskas ayaa isbeddelay - lahjadaha hiddaha iyo farsamada ayaa isbeddelay, laakiin astaamaha aasaasiga ah ayaa weli ah kuwa aan isbeddelin - nuxur qoto dheer, xirfad sare, isku-dhafka xooggan ee dareenka iyo caqliga.

Dhaxalka laxamiistaha waxaa ka mid ah dhammaan noocyada: masraxa (opera The Legend of Love, the choreographic stage Conflict), heeso heeso ah iyo qol muusik (oo ay ku jiraan 5 heesood, Saddexda dhinac ee triptych, 3 concertos, Monologue for oboe solo, Partita for solo violin, 3 violin sonatas, 2 string strings, Quintet iyo Sextet oo loogu talagalay xadhkaha biyaano), heeso, cantatas iyo oratorios, erayo cod ah (oo ku yaal xariiqyada P. Eluard, N. Kuchak, V. Palchinskaite), curiyeyaasha xubnaha iyo piano (oo ay ku jiraan 4, 6 iyo 8 gacmo), muusiga masraxa iyo shineemo. Barkauskas ayaa si weyn u fiirsada riwaayadaha carruurta.

Casharradii ugu horreeyay ee muusiggu waxay ka bilowdeen guriga, ka dibna - qaybta piano ee dugsiga muusikada. Y. Tallat-Kyalpshi ee Vilnius. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, laxamiistaha isla markiiba ma helin xirfadiisa, wuxuu helay xirfadiisii ​​​​ugu horeysay ee Kulliyadda Fiisigiska iyo Xisaabta ee Vilnius Pedagogical Institute (1953). Kaliya intaas ka dib Barkauskas wuxuu go'aansaday inuu naftiisa u huro muusikada - 1959 wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay Vilnius Conservatory ee fasalka muusigga iyo macalinka A. Raciunas.

Tobankii sano ee ugu horreeyay ee hal-abuurka ah, muusigga Barkauskas waxaa aad loogu calaamadeeyay ruuxa tijaabinta, adeegsiga farsamooyin curineed oo kala duwan (atonalism, dodecaphony, sonoristics, aleatorics).

Tani waxay si cad u muujisay nooca ugu horreeya ee 60-maadkii. - muusikada qolka, halkaas oo, oo ay weheliyaan hababka casriga ah ee halabuurka, dabeecadaha neoclassical ee dabeecadda muddadan muusikada Soofiyeedka (dhisidda cad, daahfurnaanta bandhigga, gravitation dhinaca polyphony) ayaa sidoo kale si xiiso leh loo fuliyay. Kuwa ugu dhow ee sayidyadii hore ee Barkauskas waxay ahayd mabda'a waxqabadka riwaayadaha - nooc ka mid ah ciyaaraha timbres, dhaqdhaqaaqa, farsamooyinka virtuoso, noocyada kala duwan ee mawduucyada. Kuwani waa Concertino oo loogu talagalay afar kooxood oo qolal ah (1964), "Muusik ka soo horjeeda" oo loogu talagalay flute, cello iyo percussion (1968), "halabuurka qarsoodiga ah" ee oboe iyo 12 xadhig (1968), kuwaas oo ka tirsan kuwa ugu wanaagsan ee abuuray curiyaha. Ka dib, Barkauskas kama qayb qaadan riwaayadaha riwaayadaha (Concertos for organ "Gloria urbi" - 1972; flutes iyo oboes with orkestra - 1978; Saddex riwaayadood ee piano - 1981).

Gaar ahaan muhimka ah waa Concerto for viola and chamber orchestra (1981), oo ah shaqo taariikhi ah oo soo koobaysa baaritaanadii hore oo xoogga saaraya shucuurta, bilawga jacaylka, taas oo sii xoojisa shaqada curiyaha waqti ka dib. Isla mar ahaantaana, luqaddu waxay noqotaa mid la heli karo oo cad, tayada garaafka hore ayaa hadda sii kordheysa oo lagu daray dhawaaq midab leh. Dhammaan sifooyinkaas waxay ka marag kacayaan rabitaanka joogtada ah ee Barkauskas si ay u abuuraan habab qeexan, si ay u qoto dheereeyaan nuxurka. Xataa xilligii hore, halabuurku wuxuu u jeestay madani, guud ahaan mawduucyo muhiim ah - gabayga cantata-ga "Erayga Kacaanka" (ee St. A. Drilinga - 1967), ee wareegga "Promemoria" ee laba biibiile, bass clarinet, biyaano, harpsichord iyo garaac (1970), halkaas oo uu taabto mawduuca militariga markii ugu horeysay. Ka dib, Barkauskas ayaa si isdaba joog ah ugu soo laabtay iyada, iyada oo siisay fikradeeda cajiibka ah qaab muuqaal ah oo aad u qiimo badan - afraad (1984) iyo shanaad (1986) heeso.

Sida laxamiistayaal kale oo badan oo Lithuania ah, Barkauskas waxa uu si dhab ah u xiiseeyaa sheeko-yaqaankiisa hooyo, isaga oo afkiisa ku daraya hab casri ah oo lagu muujiyo hab gaar ah. Mid ka mid ah tusaalooyinka ugu xiisaha badan ee isku-darka noocan oo kale ah waa symphonic triptych Three Aspects (1969).

Ka dib markii uu ka qalin jabiyay konserfatifka, oo ay weheliso shaqada Barkauskas, wuxuu ku hawlan yahay waxqabadyo waxbarasho iyo waxbarasho - wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa Vilnius Music College. J. Tallat-Kelpsy, oo jooga Aqalka Jamhuuriga ee Farshaxanka, wuxuu baraa aragtida (ilaa 1961) iyo halabuurka (tan iyo 1988) ee Conservatory State Lithuania. Laxamiistaha laguma yaqaan oo keliya gudaha, laakiin sidoo kale dibadda. Isagoo sharxaya fikradda mid ka mid ah halabuurkiisii ​​​​ugu dambeeyay, Barkauskas wuxuu qoray: "Waxaan ka fekerayay Man iyo qaddarkiisa." Ugu dambeyntii, mawduucan ayaa go'aamiyay raadinta ugu weyn ee farshaxanka Lithuania.

G. Zhdanova