Nikolai Peyko |

Nikolai Peyko

Waxaan la dhacsanahay kartidiisa macalinimo iyo laxamiistaha, waxaan u arkaa inuu yahay nin caqligiisu sarreeyo iyo daahir ruuxi ah. S. Gubaydulina

Shaqo kasta oo cusub oo ay samaysay N. Peiko waxay kicisaa xiisaha dhabta ah ee dhagaystayaasha, waxay noqotaa dhacdo nolosha muusikada ah oo ah ifafaale dhalaalaya oo asal ah oo ka mid ah dhaqanka farshaxanka qaranka. La kulanka muusigga curiyaha waa fursad xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee casriga ah, si qoto dheer oo dhab ah u falanqaynta dhibaatooyinka akhlaaqda ee adduunka ku xeeran. Laxanku wuxuu u shaqeeyaa si adag oo adag, isagoo si geesinimo leh u maamula noocyo badan oo muusig oo kala duwan. Waxa uu abuuray 8 heesood, tiro badan oo shaqooyin ah oo loogu talagalay orchestra, 3 ballet, opera, cantatas, oratorios, qolka-qalabka iyo shaqooyinka codka, muusigga riwaayadaha, filimada, idaacadaha.

Peiko wuxuu ka dhashay qoys caqli badan. Carruurnimadii iyo dhallinyaradii, waxbarashadiisa muusiggu waxay ahaayeen dabeecad hiwaayadeed. Kulan fursad A G. Litinsky, kuwaas oo aad u qadarin kartida nin dhallinyaro ah, bedelay masiirka Peiko: wuxuu noqday arday ka mid ah qaybta ka kooban ee kulliyadda muusikada, iyo 1937, waxa la dhigay sannadkii saddexaad ee Conservatory Moscow. kaas oo uu ka qalin jabiyay fasalka N. Myaskovskogo. Durba 40-kii. Peiko waxa uu isu sheegay in uu yahay halabuur hibo dhalaal iyo asli ah, iyo shakhsi guud, iyo kaari ahaan. Shaqooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee 40-50s. ka marag furo xirfad sii kordheysa; doorashada mawduucyada, dhagar-qabayaasha, fikradaha, noolaanshaha caqliga, indho-indheynta muhiimka ah, danaha caalamiga ah, aragtida ballaaran iyo dhaqanka sare ayaa sii kordhaya.

Peiko waa heesaaste dhashay. Horeba shaqada hore ee symphonic, sifooyinka qaabkiisa ayaa la go'aamiyaa, kaas oo lagu kala soocayo isku-darka xiisadda gudaha ee fikirka oo leh muujinta xaddidan. Muuqaal cajiib ah oo ka mid ah shaqada Peiko ayaa ah soo jiidashada dhaqanka qaranka ee dadyowga adduunka. Kala duwanaanshaha danaha qowmiyadeed ayaa ka muuqday abuurista opera ugu horeysay ee Bashkir "Aikhylu" (oo ay la socdaan M. Valeev, 1941), oo ku yaal qolka "From Yakut Legends", ee "Moldavian Suite", oo ku yaal Toddoba qaybood oo ku saabsan mawduucyada. ee Shucuubta USSR, iwm. Shaqooyinkan qoraaga waxaa u horseeday rabitaanka inuu ka tarjumayo casriga iyada oo loo marayo priism ee fikradaha muusikada iyo gabayada ee dadyowga jinsiyadaha kala duwan.

60-70-meeyadii Waa waqtigii wax-abuurku kobcin lahaayeen iyo qaan-gaadhnimada. Ballet Joan of Arc ayaa caan ku ah dibadda, abuurista taas oo ay ka horeysay shaqo adag oo ku saabsan ilaha aasaasiga ah - muusikada iyo muusikada xirfadlaha ah ee Faransiiska dhexe. Inta lagu jiro muddadan, mawduuca waddani ee shaqadiisa ayaa la sameeyay oo si xoog leh u dhawaaqay, oo la xidhiidha rafcaan ku saabsan taariikhda iyo dhaqanka dadka Ruushka, falalkooda geesinimada leh ee dagaalkii hore. Shaqooyinkaas waxaa ka mid ah oratorio "Habeenkii Tsar Ivan" (oo ku saleysan sheekada AK Tolstoy "Prince Silver"), wareegga asymphonic "In Strade of War". Sanadihii 80aadkii. iyada oo la raacayo jihada, kuwan soo socda ayaa la abuuray: oratorio "Maalmihii dagaaladii hore" oo ku salaysan taariikhda suugaanta qadiimiga ah ee Ruushka "Zadonshchina", qolka cantata "Pinezhie" oo ku salaysan shaqooyinka F. Abramov.

Sannadahan oo dhan, muusiga orkestralku wuxuu sii wadaa inuu qabsado booska hormuudka ah ee shaqada curiyaha. Heesihiisa afraad iyo shanaad, Concerto-ka Symphony, oo horumariya dhaqamada ugu wanaagsan ee heesaha faneedka Ruushka, ayaa helay qaylo dhaanta ugu weyn ee dadweynaha. Kala duwanaanshaha noocyada codka iyo foomamka uu aqbalay Peiko waa mid cajiib ah. Shaqooyinka codka iyo biyaano (in ka badan 70) waxay muujinayaan rabitaanka fahamka anshaxa iyo falsafada ee qoraallada gabayada ee A. Blok, S. Yesenin, Shiinaha dhexe iyo gabayada Maraykanka ee casriga ah. Cabashada ugu weyn ee dadweynaha waxaa helay shaqooyin ku salaysan aayaadka gabayaaga Soofiyeedka - A. Surkov, N. Zabolotsky, D. Kedrin, V. Nabokov.

Peiko waxa uu ku naaloonayaa awood aan la iswaydirin oo ka dhex jirta halabuurayaasha da'da yar. Laga soo bilaabo fasalkiisa (oo uu tan iyo 1942 wax ku barayay Conservatory Moscow, tan iyo 1954 ee Machadka Gnessin) waxaa soo baxay galaxyo dhan oo fannaaniin ah oo dhaqan sare leh (E. Ptichkin, E. Tumanyan, A. Zhurbin, iyo kuwa kale).

L. Rapatskaya

Halabuurka:

opera Aikhylu (waxaa tafatiray MM Valeev, 1943, Ufa; daabacaadda 2aad., qoraaga wadaaga, 1953, dhamaystiran); balastarro - Dabaylaha guga (oo ay weheliyaan 3. V. Khabibulin, oo ku salaysan sheeko-yaqaan K. Nadzhimy, 1950), Jeanne d'Arc (1957, Masraxa Muusikada ee loo yaqaan Stanislavsky iyo Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow), Birch Grove (1964); Soloists, hobolada iyo orkestra – Cantata Builders of Future (lyrics by NA Zabolotsky, 1952), oratorio The Night of Tsar Ivan (ka dib AK Tolstoy, 1967); Orchestra - symphonies (1946; 1946-1960; 1957; 1965; 1969; 1972; concert-symphony, 1974), suites From Yakut halyeeyada (1940; 2nd ed. 1957), Laga soo bilaabo qadiimiga Ruush (1948 .2). Moldavian Suite (1963), Symphonietta (1950), kala duwanaansho (1940), 1947 qaybood oo ku saabsan mawduucyada dadyowga USSR (7), Symphonic Ballad (1951), overture To the World (1959), Capriccio (oo loogu talagalay symphonic yar). orc., 1961); ee piano iyo orkestra - riwaayad (1954); loogu talagalay violin iyo orkestra - Riwaayad riwaayadeed oo ku saabsan mawduucyada Finnishka (1953), 2nd Concert Fantasy (1964); qalabaynta qolka - 3 xadhig. afar (1963, 1965, 1976), fp. quintet (1961), decimet (1971); biyaano - 2 sonatas (1950, 1975), 3 sonatas (1942, 1943, 1957), kala duwanaansho (1957), iwm; cod iyo biyaano – woq. wareegyada Heart of a Warrior (ereyada gabayaaga Soofiyeedka, 1943), Harlem Night Sounds (ereyada gabayaaga Mareykanka, 1946-1965), 3 muusig. sawiro (lyrics by SA Yesenin, 1960), wareegga Lyric (lyrics by G. Apollinaire, 1961), 8 wok. gabayo iyo triptych Muuqaallada dayrta ee tuducyada HA Zabolotsky (1970, 1976), jaceylka heesaha. AA Blok (1944-65), Bo-Jui-i (1952) iyo kuwo kale; muusiga loogu talagalay riwaayadaha. t-ra, filimada iyo bandhigyada raadiyaha.

Shaqooyinka suugaanta: Ku saabsan muusikada Yakuts "SM", 1940, No 2 (oo leh I. Shteiman); Bandhig faneedka 27-aad ee N. Ya. Myaskovsky, buugga: N. Ya. Myaskovsky. Maqaallo, xarfo, xusuus-qor, vol. 1, M., 1959; Xusuusta macalin, ibid.; G. Berlioz - R. Strauss - S. Gorchakov. Daabacaadda Ruushka ee Berlioz's "Daawaynta", "SM", 1974, No 1; Laba qalab oo yaryar. (Falanqaynta curinta riwaayadaha ee O. Messiaen iyo V. Lutoslavsky), ee ku jira Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 9, M., 1975kii.

Tixraacyo: Belyaev V., Shaqooyinka Symphonic ee N. Peiko, "SM", 1947, No 5; Boganova T., Ku saabsan muusikada N. Peiko, ibid., 1962, No 2; Grigoryeva G., NI Peiko. Moscow, 1965. iyada u gaar ah, Erayada Vocal by N. Peiko iyo wareeggiisa ku saabsan aayadaha N. Zabolotsky, ee Sat: Music iyo Modernity, vol. 8, M., 1974kii.