Nikolay Nikolaevich Cherepnin (Nikolai Tcherepnin) |

Nikolai Tcherepnin

Waxaa jira adduun dhan, nool, kala duwan, dhawaaqyo sixir iyo riyooyin sixir ah… F. Tyutchev

Maajo 19, 1909, dhammaan muusiga Paris ayaa si xamaasad leh u soo dhaweeyay ballet "Pavilion of Armida", kaas oo furay ballet ugu horeeyay "Xilliga Ruushka", oo uu abaabulay dacaayad hibo leh ee farshaxanka Ruushka S. Diaghilev. Abuurayaasha "Pavilion of Armida", kuwaas oo tobanaan sano ka helay goobaha ballet ee adduunka, waxay ahaayeen choreographer caanka ah M. Fokin, farshaxan A. Benois iyo muusik iyo kaari N. Cherepnin.

Arday N. Rimsky-Korsakov, saaxiib dhow A. Glazunov iyo A. Lyadov, xubin ka mid ah bulshada si fiican loo yaqaan "World of Art", muusikiiste ah oo aqoonsi ka helay qaar badan oo ka mid ah asxaabtiisa cajiib ah, oo ay ku jiraan S. Rachmaninov, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, A. Pavlova, Z. Paliashvili, M. Balanchivadze, A. Spendnarov, S. Vasilenko, S. Koussevitzky, M. Ravel, G. Piernet. Sh. Monte iyo kuwa kale, - Cherepnin galay taariikhda music Ruush qarnigii XX ah. mid ka mid ah boggaga quruxda badan sida laxamiistaha, kaariyaha, biyaanistaha, macalinka.

Cherepnin wuxuu ka dhashay qoyska dhakhtarka St. Petersburg ee caanka ah, dhakhtarka gaarka ah F. Dostoevsky. Qoyska Cherepnin waxaa lagu kala soocay dano farshaxan oo ballaadhan: aabbihii curiyaha ayaa ogaa, tusaale ahaan, M. Mussorgsky iyo A. Serov. Tcherepnin wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay Jaamacadda St. Petersburg (Kulliyadda Sharciga) iyo St. Ilaa 1921, wuxuu u horseeday nolol hal abuur leh oo firfircoon sida muusik iyo maareeyaha ("Ruushka Symphony Concertos", riwaayadaha Bulshada Muusikada ee Ruushka, riwaayadaha xagaaga ee Pavlovsk, "Concerts Historical" ee Moscow; maareeyaha Masraxa Mariinsky ee St. Petersburg, Opera House oo ku taal Tiflis, 1909-14 sano oo hogaaminayey "Xillliyada Ruushka" ee Paris, London, Monte Carlo, Rome, Berlin). Wax ku biirinta Tcherepnin ee barbaarinta muusikada waa mid aad u weyn. Isagoo ku jira 190518. macalinka (ilaa 1909 borofisar) ee St. Petersburg Conservatory, wuxuu aasaasay fasalka ugu horreeya ee Ruushka. Ardaydiisa - S. Prokofiev, N. Malko, Yu. Shaporin, V. Dranishnikov iyo tiro ka mid ah fannaaniin kale oo heer sare ah - ereyo jacayl oo jacayl iyo mahadnaq ah isaga oo ku jira xusuustooda.

Adeegyada Tcherepnin ee dhaqanka muusiga Georgian sidoo kale aad bay u fiican yihiin (1918-21 wuxuu ahaa maamulaha Tiflis Conservatory, wuxuu u dhaqmay sidii riwaayad iyo muusig opera).

Laga soo bilaabo 1921, Cherepnin wuxuu ku noolaa Paris, wuxuu aasaasay Conservatory Ruush halkaas, wuxuu la shaqeeyay masraxa ballet ee A. Pavlova, wuxuuna u socdaalay sidii kaari dalal badan oo adduunka ah. Jidka hal-abuurka ee N.Tcherepnin wuxuu socday in ka badan nus qarni waxaana lagu calaamadeeyay abuurista in ka badan 60 opuses oo ah halabuurka muusikada, tafatirka iyo la qabsiga shaqooyinka qorayaasha kale. Dhaxalka hal-abuurka ah ee curiyaha, oo ay matalaan dhammaan noocyada muusikada, waxaa jira shaqooyin kuwaas oo caadooyinka The Mighty Handful iyo P. Tchaikovsky sii wadaan; laakiin waxaa jira (iyo intooda badan) shuqullo ku dheggan isbeddellada faneed ee cusub ee qarniga XNUMX-aad, inta badan dhammaan aragtiyaha. Aad bay asal u yihiin oo waa eray cusub oo loogu talagalay muusiga Ruushka ee waagaas.

Xarunta hal-abuurka ee Tcherepnin waxay ka kooban tahay 16 ballet. Kuwa ugu fiican - Pavilion of Armida (1907), Narcissus iyo Echo (1911), Maaskarada Dhimashada Cas (1915) - ayaa loo abuuray xilliyada Ruushka. Lagama maarmaanka u ah farshaxanka bilawga qarniga, mawduuca jaceylka ah ee khilaafka u dhexeeya riyooyinka iyo xaqiiqda ayaa lagu xaqiiqsaday baaliyeyaashan oo leh farsamooyin sifo ah oo keenaya muusigga Tcherepnin ee u dhow rinjiyeynta fikradaha Faransiiska C. Monet, O. Renoir, A Sisley, iyo farshaxanno Ruush ah oo leh sawirro mid ka mid ah fanaaniintii ugu "muusiga" ee wakhtigaas V. Borisov-Musatov. Qaar ka mid ah shuqullada Tcherepnin waxay ku qoran yihiin mawduucyada sheekooyinka sheeko-xariirada Ruushka (maansooyinka caanka ah "Marya Morevna", "Sheekada Princess Smile", "Shimbirta la sixray, kalluunka dahabka ah").

Waxaa ka mid ah shuqullada orchestral by Tcherepnin (2 symphonies, Symphonietta in xusuusta N. Rimsky-Korsakov, gabay symphonic "Qaddar" (ka dib E. Poe), Kala duwanaansho on theme of song askari "Nightingale, nightingale, shimbir yar", Concerto for piano iyo orchestra, iwm) kuwa ugu xiisaha badan ayaa ah shaqadiisa barnaamijka: horudhaca asluubta "Princess of Dreams" (ka dib E. Rostand), gabayga heesaha "Macbeth" (ka dib W. Shakespeare), sawir-gacmeedka "The enchanted" Boqortooyada" (oo ku socota sheekada Firebird), khiyaali riwaayadeed "Laga bilaabo gees ilaa gees" (sida ku cad maqaal falsafadeed oo isku magac ah F. Tyutchev), "Sheekada Kalluumeysiga iyo Kalluunka" (sida laga soo xigtay A Pushkin).

Dibeda lagu qoray 30kii. operas-ka Matchmaker (oo ku salaysan riwaayaddii A. Ostrovsky ee Saboolnimadu maaha ku-xigeen) iyo Vanka Key ilaaliye (oo ku salaysan masraxa isla magaca F. Sologub) ayaa ah tusaale xiiso leh soo bandhigida farsamooyinka qalafsan ee qorista muusikada ee nooca opera heesaha dhaqanka ee muusiga Ruushka XX in.

Cherepnin waxa uu wax badan ka gaadhay nooca cantata-oratorio ("Heesta Sappho" iyo tiro ka mid ah shuqullada ruuxiga ah cappella, oo ay ku jiraan "The Virgin's Passage through Torment" qoraallada maansooyinka ruuxiga ah, iwm) iyo noocyada choral ("Habeenkii" "St. V. Yuryeva-Drentelna, "The Old Song" ee saldhigga A. Koltsov, hobolada ee saldhigga gabayada ee Dardaaranka Dadka I. Palmina ("Ha u ooyn meydadka dagaalyahannada dhacay") iyo I. Nikitin ("waqtigu si tartiib tartiib ah ayuu u socdaa"). Ereyada codka Cherepnin (in ka badan 100 jaceyl) ayaa daboolaya mowduucyo iyo muqaalo kala duwan - laga soo bilaabo erayada falsafada ("codka Trump" ee saldhigga D. Merezhkovsky, "Fikirka iyo hirarka" Saldhigga F. Tyutchev) ee sawirada dabeecadda ("Twilight" on F. Tyutchev), laga bilaabo qaabaynta la safeeyey ee heesaha Ruushka ("Ubax ilaa Gorodetsky") ilaa sheeko-sheeko ("Fairy Tales" by K. Balmont).

Shaqooyinka kale ee Cherepnin, mid waa inuu xuso piano cajiib ah "ABC in Pictures" oo leh sawirro A. Benois, Quartet Quartet, afar geesood oo afar gees ah iyo isku-xiryo kale oo kala duwan. Cherepnin sidoo kale waa qoraaga orchestrations iyo daabacadaha shaqooyin badan oo muusig Ruush ah (Melnik Sorcerer, Deceiver and Matchmaker by M. Sokolovsky, Sorochinsky Fair by M. Mussorgsky, iwm.).

Muddo tobanaan sano ah, magaca Tcherepnin kama muuqan masraxa iyo boodhadhka riwaayadaha, shaqadiisana lama daabicin. Taas oo uu la wadaagay masiirka fanaaniin badan oo Ruush ah oo ku dhamaaday dibeda kacaankii ka dib. Hadda shaqada curiyaha ayaa ugu dambeyntii qaadatay booskeeda saxda ah ee taariikhda dhaqanka muusikada Ruushka; dhowr buundooyin symphonic ah iyo buug xusuus qor ah ayaa la daabacay, Sonatina op. 61 ee dabaysha, garaaca iyo xylophone, masterpiece ee N. Tcherepnin iyo M. Fokine, ballet "Pavilion of Armida" ayaa sugaya soo noolaynta.

KU SAABSAN. Tompakova